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<p>Citrus, a globally significant horticultural crop, faces increasing challenges from drought-stress driven by climate variability and anthropogenic activities. Drought disrupts key developmental processes in citrus such as flowering and bud break, ultimately reducing fruit yield and quality. This review explores the molecular mechanisms underlying citrus responses to drought, emphasizing the regulatory role of phytohormones. Key hormones, abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA), auxins, cytokinins (CK), gibberellins (GA), ethylene (ET), salicylic acid (SA), brassinosteroids (BR), and strigolactones (SLs) coordinate adaptive responses through complex cross-talk and transcriptional networks. Notably, drought stress induces the expression of Citrus <i>FLOWERING LOCUS T</i> (<i>CiFT</i>) and its alternative splicing isoform Citrus <i>FLOWERING LOCUS D</i> (<i>CiFDβ</i>), promoting drought-mediated flowering independently of conventional florigen pathways. <i>CiFRI</i>, a homolog of <i>FRIGIDA</i>, further enhances drought tolerance while delaying flowering, highlighting a dual regulatory role. ABA signaling, involving PYR/PYL receptors, PP2Cs, and SnRK2 kinases, is central to mediating stomatal closure and reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification. The interplay between JA and ABA promotes early drought responses, while BR signaling reinforces ABA and auxin pathways but suppresses JA accumulation to balance growth and defense. Concurrently, cytokinin downregulation reallocates resources toward root development, improving water uptake under stress conditions. Transcription factors such as NF-Y complexes, WRKY70, bZIPs, and MYBs integrate hormonal signaling with stress-responsive gene regulation, modulating flowering and antioxidant defenses. This review provides an integrated perspective on the molecular networks shaping drought stress adaptation in citrus and identifies key targets for the development of drought-resilient cultivars through genetic and biotechnological strategies.</p>

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Phytohormonal Crosstalk with Flowering Genes Regulating Drought Stress Response in Citrus: A Systematic Review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月2日

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  • Gitika Thakur,
  • Pradeep Singh,
  • Vishal Sharma,
  • Ankush Sharma,
  • Jagveer Singh,
  • Satish Kumar

摘要

Citrus, a globally significant horticultural crop, faces increasing challenges from drought-stress driven by climate variability and anthropogenic activities. Drought disrupts key developmental processes in citrus such as flowering and bud break, ultimately reducing fruit yield and quality. This review explores the molecular mechanisms underlying citrus responses to drought, emphasizing the regulatory role of phytohormones. Key hormones, abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA), auxins, cytokinins (CK), gibberellins (GA), ethylene (ET), salicylic acid (SA), brassinosteroids (BR), and strigolactones (SLs) coordinate adaptive responses through complex cross-talk and transcriptional networks. Notably, drought stress induces the expression of Citrus FLOWERING LOCUS T (CiFT) and its alternative splicing isoform Citrus FLOWERING LOCUS D (CiFDβ), promoting drought-mediated flowering independently of conventional florigen pathways. CiFRI, a homolog of FRIGIDA, further enhances drought tolerance while delaying flowering, highlighting a dual regulatory role. ABA signaling, involving PYR/PYL receptors, PP2Cs, and SnRK2 kinases, is central to mediating stomatal closure and reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification. The interplay between JA and ABA promotes early drought responses, while BR signaling reinforces ABA and auxin pathways but suppresses JA accumulation to balance growth and defense. Concurrently, cytokinin downregulation reallocates resources toward root development, improving water uptake under stress conditions. Transcription factors such as NF-Y complexes, WRKY70, bZIPs, and MYBs integrate hormonal signaling with stress-responsive gene regulation, modulating flowering and antioxidant defenses. This review provides an integrated perspective on the molecular networks shaping drought stress adaptation in citrus and identifies key targets for the development of drought-resilient cultivars through genetic and biotechnological strategies.