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<p>Nitrogen is a critical nutrient for rice production which is mostly supplemented through chemical fertilizers. However, their indiscriminate use has not only increased the cost of production but also adversely affected the environment. Legumes form a symbiosis with rhizobia to fix atmospheric nitrogen in the form of ammonia. Legumes also form symbiotic associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) for phosphorus uptake from soil. Formation of symbiotic associations in legumes with rhizobia and AMF utilize a shared genetic network known as a common symbiotic signalling pathway (CSSP). Similar to legumes, rice forms a symbiotic association only with AMF and possesses a similar CSSP that promotes the formation of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis (AMS). However, there is no Nod factor (NF) perceiving genes reported in rice which are essential for rhizobial symbiosis found in legumes. Hence, to perceive the NF from rhizobium, we developed transgenic rice lines J5hL by transferring legume-specific receptor-like kinase (RLK) genes (<i>MtLYK3</i> and <i>MtNFP</i>) along with <i>MtDMI2, LjLNP,</i> and <i>MtSYMREM1</i> necessary for RLKs. We also developed RheCM transgenic rice line by transferring the Cameleon calcium (Ca<sup>2+</sup>) sensor gene and crossed the two transgenic lines to develop J5hLCm. The NF induced root hair deformation in J5hL and Ca<sup>2+</sup> fluxes at root hair tips and spiking around nuclei in root hairs of J5hLCm plants. These results showed that the rice plants expressing <i>MtLYK3</i> and <i>MtNFP</i> gained the ability to perceive NF and transmit nod signals appropriately to trigger Ca<sup>2+</sup> fluxes and spiking akin to that in legume roots.</p>

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Perceiving Rhizobial Nod Factor by Transgenic Rice (Oryza sativa) with MtNFP and MtLYK3 Receptor-like Kinases along with Supporting Genes Revealed Through Root Hair Deformation and Activation of Ca2+ Oscillations

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月29日

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  • Anjulata Singh,
  • Alma Altúzar-Molina,
  • Gurdeep Kaur,
  • Gurbir Kaur Sidhu,
  • Pranab Kumar Mandal,
  • Pallavolu Maheswara Reddy

摘要

Nitrogen is a critical nutrient for rice production which is mostly supplemented through chemical fertilizers. However, their indiscriminate use has not only increased the cost of production but also adversely affected the environment. Legumes form a symbiosis with rhizobia to fix atmospheric nitrogen in the form of ammonia. Legumes also form symbiotic associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) for phosphorus uptake from soil. Formation of symbiotic associations in legumes with rhizobia and AMF utilize a shared genetic network known as a common symbiotic signalling pathway (CSSP). Similar to legumes, rice forms a symbiotic association only with AMF and possesses a similar CSSP that promotes the formation of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis (AMS). However, there is no Nod factor (NF) perceiving genes reported in rice which are essential for rhizobial symbiosis found in legumes. Hence, to perceive the NF from rhizobium, we developed transgenic rice lines J5hL by transferring legume-specific receptor-like kinase (RLK) genes (MtLYK3 and MtNFP) along with MtDMI2, LjLNP, and MtSYMREM1 necessary for RLKs. We also developed RheCM transgenic rice line by transferring the Cameleon calcium (Ca2+) sensor gene and crossed the two transgenic lines to develop J5hLCm. The NF induced root hair deformation in J5hL and Ca2+ fluxes at root hair tips and spiking around nuclei in root hairs of J5hLCm plants. These results showed that the rice plants expressing MtLYK3 and MtNFP gained the ability to perceive NF and transmit nod signals appropriately to trigger Ca2+ fluxes and spiking akin to that in legume roots.