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<p>Zinc is an essential micronutrient for plants and humans, playing a pivotal role in various physiological, biochemical and molecular processes. Ensuring optimal zinc homeostasis in crop plants is crucial for agricultural productivity and human nutrition. However, widespread zinc deficiency in soils threatens crop yields and the nutritional quality of harvested grains, necessitating a deeper understanding of zinc uptake, transport, and utilization mechanisms. This review comprehensively explores zinc homeostasis and biofortification strategies in crop plants, focusing on zinc deficiency tolerance mechanisms at the morpho-physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels. We highlight the critical roles of zinc transporters in uptake, translocation, detoxification, and homeostasis, emphasizing molecular regulators such as Zinc Deficiency Responsive Elements and transcription factors (bZIP19 and bZIP23) that govern zinc sensing and signalling. Additionally, we explore various biofortification strategies, including agronomic interventions, plant breeding, transgenic approaches, and the function of zinc-solubilizing bacteria in enhancing zinc availability and uptake. Advances in genetic engineering, particularly in modulating zinc transport and post-translational regulation, provide promising avenues for improving zinc efficiency in crops. By integrating recent research findings, this review offers perspectives into the molecular and physiological basis of zinc utilization and biofortification, aiming to address zinc malnutrition and promote sustainable agricultural practices.</p>

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Zinc Homeostasis and Biofortification in Crop Plants: Towards Efficient Zinc Utilization

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月19日

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  • Madan Kumar,
  • Ekta Narwal,
  • Sujay Rakshit,
  • Sujit Kumar Bishi,
  • Vijai Pal Bhadana,
  • Mahesh Kumar,
  • Shambhu Krishan Lal,
  • Monika,
  • Uday Chand Jha,
  • Suman Roy,
  • Jayanta Layek

摘要

Zinc is an essential micronutrient for plants and humans, playing a pivotal role in various physiological, biochemical and molecular processes. Ensuring optimal zinc homeostasis in crop plants is crucial for agricultural productivity and human nutrition. However, widespread zinc deficiency in soils threatens crop yields and the nutritional quality of harvested grains, necessitating a deeper understanding of zinc uptake, transport, and utilization mechanisms. This review comprehensively explores zinc homeostasis and biofortification strategies in crop plants, focusing on zinc deficiency tolerance mechanisms at the morpho-physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels. We highlight the critical roles of zinc transporters in uptake, translocation, detoxification, and homeostasis, emphasizing molecular regulators such as Zinc Deficiency Responsive Elements and transcription factors (bZIP19 and bZIP23) that govern zinc sensing and signalling. Additionally, we explore various biofortification strategies, including agronomic interventions, plant breeding, transgenic approaches, and the function of zinc-solubilizing bacteria in enhancing zinc availability and uptake. Advances in genetic engineering, particularly in modulating zinc transport and post-translational regulation, provide promising avenues for improving zinc efficiency in crops. By integrating recent research findings, this review offers perspectives into the molecular and physiological basis of zinc utilization and biofortification, aiming to address zinc malnutrition and promote sustainable agricultural practices.