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<p>Milk thistle (<i>Silybum marianum</i>), a medicinal plant from the Asteraceae family, is widely known for its high-value secondary metabolite, silymarin, a flavonolignan with potent hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties. This study aimed to enhance silymarin production by eliciting cell suspension cultures with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and salicylic acid (SA). Initially, callus induction was optimized using leaf explants treated with kinetin, 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), and picloram, achieving maximum proliferation with 0.8&#xa0;mg/L kinetin, 0.1&#xa0;mg/L 2,4-D, and 2&#xa0;mg/L picloram. Subsequent elicitation of suspension cultures revealed that 0.05&#xa0;mM MeJA and 0.25&#xa0;mM SA resulted in the highest silymarin accumulation, as confirmed by High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Additionally, quantitative polymerase chain reaction-based gene expression profiling demonstrated that MeJA and SA differentially regulated the transcription of Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase (CAD), and Chalcone Isomerase (CHI), key genes involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway, with distinct temporal expression patterns. These findings underscore the efficacy of MeJA and SA as potent elicitors for enhancing silymarin biosynthesis, offering a promising biotechnological strategy for optimizing secondary metabolite production in medicinal plants.</p>

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The Effect of Methyl Jasmonate and Salicylic Acid on Silymarin Accumulation and Expression of Some Key Genes Involved in the Biosynthetic Pathway in Cell Suspension Culture of Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月5日

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  • Shaghayegh Ehsani,
  • Majid Talebi,
  • Badraldin Ebrahim Sayed Tabatabaei

摘要

Milk thistle (Silybum marianum), a medicinal plant from the Asteraceae family, is widely known for its high-value secondary metabolite, silymarin, a flavonolignan with potent hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties. This study aimed to enhance silymarin production by eliciting cell suspension cultures with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and salicylic acid (SA). Initially, callus induction was optimized using leaf explants treated with kinetin, 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), and picloram, achieving maximum proliferation with 0.8 mg/L kinetin, 0.1 mg/L 2,4-D, and 2 mg/L picloram. Subsequent elicitation of suspension cultures revealed that 0.05 mM MeJA and 0.25 mM SA resulted in the highest silymarin accumulation, as confirmed by High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Additionally, quantitative polymerase chain reaction-based gene expression profiling demonstrated that MeJA and SA differentially regulated the transcription of Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase (CAD), and Chalcone Isomerase (CHI), key genes involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway, with distinct temporal expression patterns. These findings underscore the efficacy of MeJA and SA as potent elicitors for enhancing silymarin biosynthesis, offering a promising biotechnological strategy for optimizing secondary metabolite production in medicinal plants.