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<p>Iron deficiency is a significant abiotic stress that hampers plant growth and productivity, threatening food security. While plants employ physiological and biochemical mechanisms to cope with iron deficiency, these adaptations often come at the cost of growth. Iron nanoparticles (Fe-NPs) have garnered attention in agriculture due to their eco-friendly nature, affordability, and potential as biofertilizers. This study explores the impact of Fe-NPs synthesized from ferric chloride (FeCl<sub>3</sub>·6H<sub>2</sub>O) and ferrous chloride (FeCl<sub>2</sub>·4H<sub>2</sub>O) on mitigating iron deficiency in <i>Sorghum bicolor</i>. Synthesized Fe-NPs, approximately 104&#xa0;nm in size, spherical, and highly agglomerated, were used to prime sorghum seeds at 10, 50, and 100&#xa0;mg/L concentrations. After germination, seedlings were grown in nutrient media until the three-leaf stage and assessed for physiological and biochemical changes. Iron deficiency in control plants resulted in reduced shoot and root lengths, biomass (fresh and dry weights), and chlorophyll content, alongside increased oxidative stress markers (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and MDA) and osmolyte accumulation (proline). Seed priming with Fe-NPs significantly improved plant growth parameters, enhanced chlorophyll content, and mitigated oxidative damage by reducing ROS generation and osmolyte levels. Additionally, Fe-NPs prevented biomolecule degradation by enhancing nutrient uptake and osmoregulation. This study demonstrates that Fe-NPs can effectively alleviate iron deficiency stress in sorghum, promoting growth and safeguarding against oxidative damage.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Iron Deficiency Mitigation and Enhanced Biochemical Profiling with Fe-Np Priming in Forage Sorghum

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月9日

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  • Sonu Maan,
  • Sushil Nagar,
  • Kajal Kumari,
  • Sakshi Goyal,
  • Shiwani Shreya,
  • Neeraj Kharor,
  • Meena Sindhu,
  • Vishal Chugh,
  • Vinod Kumar

摘要

Iron deficiency is a significant abiotic stress that hampers plant growth and productivity, threatening food security. While plants employ physiological and biochemical mechanisms to cope with iron deficiency, these adaptations often come at the cost of growth. Iron nanoparticles (Fe-NPs) have garnered attention in agriculture due to their eco-friendly nature, affordability, and potential as biofertilizers. This study explores the impact of Fe-NPs synthesized from ferric chloride (FeCl3·6H2O) and ferrous chloride (FeCl2·4H2O) on mitigating iron deficiency in Sorghum bicolor. Synthesized Fe-NPs, approximately 104 nm in size, spherical, and highly agglomerated, were used to prime sorghum seeds at 10, 50, and 100 mg/L concentrations. After germination, seedlings were grown in nutrient media until the three-leaf stage and assessed for physiological and biochemical changes. Iron deficiency in control plants resulted in reduced shoot and root lengths, biomass (fresh and dry weights), and chlorophyll content, alongside increased oxidative stress markers (H2O2 and MDA) and osmolyte accumulation (proline). Seed priming with Fe-NPs significantly improved plant growth parameters, enhanced chlorophyll content, and mitigated oxidative damage by reducing ROS generation and osmolyte levels. Additionally, Fe-NPs prevented biomolecule degradation by enhancing nutrient uptake and osmoregulation. This study demonstrates that Fe-NPs can effectively alleviate iron deficiency stress in sorghum, promoting growth and safeguarding against oxidative damage.

Graphical Abstract