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<p>The main aim of the study was to demonstrate the relationship between Ca deficiency and fruit formation mechanism. This study focused on the early stages of fruit development under the Ca deficiency condition, which is known to be one of the main causes of blossom-end rot. Since rapid hypertrophic growth of tomato fruit and pectin accumulation have been reported in the first 5&#xa0;days after pollination, we used fruits 1&#xa0;day before pollination (-1 DPA; day post-anthesis) and 1-, 3-, and 5-day post-anthesis (DPA) as samples to observe their morphology and measure the difference in fruit circularity. As a result, it was confirmed that the swelling of each fruit chamber was different in Ca-deficient fruits at 5 DPA, and the circularity of Ca-deficient fruits was lower than the control. The dynamics of fruit morphology, cell wall polysaccharides, including pectin, and cell elongation-related proteins: xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH) and expansin, were examined by histological and immunohistochemical staining under control treatment and Ca deficiency treatment. Ca-deficient fruits showed early accumulation of cellulose and decreased accumulation of pectin. XTH and expansin were uniformly distributed in the cross-section of control fruit, whereas their distribution was more localized in Ca-deficient fruit. Overall, changes in the distribution of XTH and expansin are likely to lead to uneven fruit chamber formation in Ca-deficient fruit.</p>

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Irregular Swelling of Tomato Fruit Chambers During the Early Stages of Fruit Formation is Due to the Local Distribution of Cell Wall-Loosening Proteins Under Ca-deficient Conditions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月20日

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  • Kiei Soyama,
  • Akari Miyakoshi,
  • Momoko Miyachi,
  • Manatsu Itano,
  • Haruka Sugiyama,
  • Takumi Higaki,
  • Jun Furukawa,
  • Hiroaki Iwai

摘要

The main aim of the study was to demonstrate the relationship between Ca deficiency and fruit formation mechanism. This study focused on the early stages of fruit development under the Ca deficiency condition, which is known to be one of the main causes of blossom-end rot. Since rapid hypertrophic growth of tomato fruit and pectin accumulation have been reported in the first 5 days after pollination, we used fruits 1 day before pollination (-1 DPA; day post-anthesis) and 1-, 3-, and 5-day post-anthesis (DPA) as samples to observe their morphology and measure the difference in fruit circularity. As a result, it was confirmed that the swelling of each fruit chamber was different in Ca-deficient fruits at 5 DPA, and the circularity of Ca-deficient fruits was lower than the control. The dynamics of fruit morphology, cell wall polysaccharides, including pectin, and cell elongation-related proteins: xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH) and expansin, were examined by histological and immunohistochemical staining under control treatment and Ca deficiency treatment. Ca-deficient fruits showed early accumulation of cellulose and decreased accumulation of pectin. XTH and expansin were uniformly distributed in the cross-section of control fruit, whereas their distribution was more localized in Ca-deficient fruit. Overall, changes in the distribution of XTH and expansin are likely to lead to uneven fruit chamber formation in Ca-deficient fruit.