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<p>Salt stress induces physiological and biochemical alterations in plants. Applying mitigating agents, such as biostimulants, represents a feasible strategy for supporting plant growth under these adverse conditions. This study aimed to evaluate biostimulants as mitigators of salt stress in radish plants, analyzing the photosynthetic mechanism and efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) under these conditions. The experimental design employed was a randomized complete block design in a 3 × 4 factorial scheme with five replications. The treatments were three levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water [ECiw: 0.5 (control − no stress), 2.5 (moderate stress), and 4.5 dS m<sup>−1</sup> (severe stress)], and three biostimulants plus a control treatment were used: control (no biostimulant), carnitine (5&#xa0;µM), melatonin (0.5&#xa0;mM), and putrescine (0.5&#xa0;mM). Melatonin improves PSII efficiency, reducing potential damage caused by salinity to PSII and increasing the possibility of photoprotective repair. Putrescine and melatonin positively impact gas exchange, enhancing net CO<sub>2</sub> assimilation, water use efficiency, and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency up to a certain salinity threshold (2.5 dS m<sup>−1</sup>). These biostimulants stand out as promising tools for mitigating the effects of saline stress and promoting the tolerance and viability of radish crops. They can also contribute to farming practices and improve crop yields in salt-affected regions.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Application of Biostimulants Modulates Photosynthesis Responses, and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Under Salt Stress in Radish

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月20日

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  • Ester dos Santos Coêlho,
  • João Everthon da Silva Ribeiro,
  • Pablo Henrique de Almeida Oliveira,
  • Elania Freire da Silva,
  • Antonio Gideilson Correia da Silva,
  • Anna Kézia Soares de Oliveira,
  • Gisele Lopes dos Santos,
  • Toshik Iarley da Silva,
  • Ronald Maldonado Rodriguez,
  • Antônio Lourenço Bezerra,
  • Aurélio Paes Barros Júnior,
  • Lindomar Maria da Silveira

摘要

Salt stress induces physiological and biochemical alterations in plants. Applying mitigating agents, such as biostimulants, represents a feasible strategy for supporting plant growth under these adverse conditions. This study aimed to evaluate biostimulants as mitigators of salt stress in radish plants, analyzing the photosynthetic mechanism and efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) under these conditions. The experimental design employed was a randomized complete block design in a 3 × 4 factorial scheme with five replications. The treatments were three levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water [ECiw: 0.5 (control − no stress), 2.5 (moderate stress), and 4.5 dS m−1 (severe stress)], and three biostimulants plus a control treatment were used: control (no biostimulant), carnitine (5 µM), melatonin (0.5 mM), and putrescine (0.5 mM). Melatonin improves PSII efficiency, reducing potential damage caused by salinity to PSII and increasing the possibility of photoprotective repair. Putrescine and melatonin positively impact gas exchange, enhancing net CO2 assimilation, water use efficiency, and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency up to a certain salinity threshold (2.5 dS m−1). These biostimulants stand out as promising tools for mitigating the effects of saline stress and promoting the tolerance and viability of radish crops. They can also contribute to farming practices and improve crop yields in salt-affected regions.

Graphical abstract