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<p>Drought significantly limits plant growth and productivity by influencing stomatal regulation, which balances water (H<sub>2</sub>O) loss through transpiration with carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) uptake for photosynthesis. Stomata, small leaf surface openings, are modulated by root-to-shoot communication under drought, yet the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This review focuses on two key pathways of long-distance signaling in root-to-shoot communication: hormonal and hydraulic signals. We explore four major root-derived hormones abscisic acid (ABA), strigolactones, cytokinins, and ethylene and their roles in regulating stomatal responses during water deficit. Alongside hormonal signaling, we examine hydraulic signals, driven by changes in water potential, which trigger stomatal closure. These signals are facilitated by aquaporins, membrane proteins that regulate water transport, and detected via mechanosensitive pathways that transmit tension changes from roots to shoots. We also investigate environmental factors such as soil moisture, humidity, light, and temperature and their feedback loops with drought and stomatal movement. Understanding hormonal and hydraulic signaling in root-to-shoot communication offers critical insights into stomatal regulation under water deficit, with implications for improving plant drought tolerance.</p>

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Root-to-Shoot Hormonal and Hydraulic Signals in Stomatal Regulation During Drought

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月20日

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  • Lei Gong,
  • Yehia Hazzazi,
  • Tawfiq Alfaifi,
  • Nadiyah M. Alabdallah,
  • Taghreed Stum Alnusaire,
  • Faizah Amer Altihani,
  • Faten Dhawi,
  • Basmah M. Alharbi,
  • Md Mahadi Hasan

摘要

Drought significantly limits plant growth and productivity by influencing stomatal regulation, which balances water (H2O) loss through transpiration with carbon dioxide (CO2) uptake for photosynthesis. Stomata, small leaf surface openings, are modulated by root-to-shoot communication under drought, yet the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This review focuses on two key pathways of long-distance signaling in root-to-shoot communication: hormonal and hydraulic signals. We explore four major root-derived hormones abscisic acid (ABA), strigolactones, cytokinins, and ethylene and their roles in regulating stomatal responses during water deficit. Alongside hormonal signaling, we examine hydraulic signals, driven by changes in water potential, which trigger stomatal closure. These signals are facilitated by aquaporins, membrane proteins that regulate water transport, and detected via mechanosensitive pathways that transmit tension changes from roots to shoots. We also investigate environmental factors such as soil moisture, humidity, light, and temperature and their feedback loops with drought and stomatal movement. Understanding hormonal and hydraulic signaling in root-to-shoot communication offers critical insights into stomatal regulation under water deficit, with implications for improving plant drought tolerance.