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<p>Adverse effects of salinity on physiological processes such as photosynthesis can be mitigated through activation of antioxidants or accumulation of osmo-protectants like proline. The present study aimed to assess the role of proline application in electron transport from photosystem-II (PSII) to photosystem-I (PSI) and cellular redox balance in wheat cultivars under saline conditions. In a screening experiment, seven wheat cultivars were applied 0 or 100&#xa0;mM proline under control and saline conditions. Exogenous application of proline improved the growth of cv. Galaxy-13 and cv. Pasban-90 under non-saline and saline conditions, whereas in plants of cv. S-24 and Fsd-08, improvement in growth was observed only under non-saline conditions. Based on these results, cv-Galaxy-13 and cv. S-24 were selected for further analysis. In the 2nd experiment, three-week-old plants of cv. Galaxy-13 and cv. S-24 were exogenously applied 100&#xa0;mM proline grown under control or salt stress (0, 150&#xa0;mM NaCl). Salinity stress decreased the growth of both wheat cultivars, and foliar application of 100&#xa0;mM proline improved the growth of both wheat cultivars, particularly cv. Galaxy-13. Salt stress reduced plant water status, photosynthetic pigments, structural stability, and functional activity of PSII and PSI and produced reactive oxygen species that caused membrane damage. Foliar treatment of 100&#xa0;mM proline increased endogenous level of proline, and osmotic potential in cultivar Galaxy-13. It also improved functional activity of PSII by increasing the reaction center density, and electron transport through PSII to PSI. Electron transport around PSI lowered the ROS generation. Proline application increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes activities (peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase) in both cultivars of wheat. Increase in PSII activity and reduction in oxidative stress due to proline application are greater in cv. Galaxy-13 than in salt-tolerant cv. S-24.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Proline-Induced Changes in Cellular Redox Balance by Modulating Photosystem-II, Photosystem-I, and Activities of Antioxidants in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Under Salinity Stress

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月29日

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  • Ayesha Khalid,
  • Sarah Ambreen,
  • Aneela Kanwal Shahzadi,
  • Nadeem Hussain,
  • Azra Manzoor,
  • Habib-ur-Rehman Athar,
  • Zafar Ullah Zafar,
  • Muhammad Ashraf

摘要

Adverse effects of salinity on physiological processes such as photosynthesis can be mitigated through activation of antioxidants or accumulation of osmo-protectants like proline. The present study aimed to assess the role of proline application in electron transport from photosystem-II (PSII) to photosystem-I (PSI) and cellular redox balance in wheat cultivars under saline conditions. In a screening experiment, seven wheat cultivars were applied 0 or 100 mM proline under control and saline conditions. Exogenous application of proline improved the growth of cv. Galaxy-13 and cv. Pasban-90 under non-saline and saline conditions, whereas in plants of cv. S-24 and Fsd-08, improvement in growth was observed only under non-saline conditions. Based on these results, cv-Galaxy-13 and cv. S-24 were selected for further analysis. In the 2nd experiment, three-week-old plants of cv. Galaxy-13 and cv. S-24 were exogenously applied 100 mM proline grown under control or salt stress (0, 150 mM NaCl). Salinity stress decreased the growth of both wheat cultivars, and foliar application of 100 mM proline improved the growth of both wheat cultivars, particularly cv. Galaxy-13. Salt stress reduced plant water status, photosynthetic pigments, structural stability, and functional activity of PSII and PSI and produced reactive oxygen species that caused membrane damage. Foliar treatment of 100 mM proline increased endogenous level of proline, and osmotic potential in cultivar Galaxy-13. It also improved functional activity of PSII by increasing the reaction center density, and electron transport through PSII to PSI. Electron transport around PSI lowered the ROS generation. Proline application increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes activities (peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase) in both cultivars of wheat. Increase in PSII activity and reduction in oxidative stress due to proline application are greater in cv. Galaxy-13 than in salt-tolerant cv. S-24.

Graphical abstract