Salicylic Acid: A Key Player in the Regulation of Interactions Between Heat Stress and Plant Defense

Numerous biotic and abiotic stressors limit the proper growth and development of plants. Elevated temperatures are a primary abiotic factor contributing to climate change, with projections indicating a rise in both the frequency and intensity of epidemics. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanism of plant contact is necessary in light of the evolving disease scenarios brought about by climate change. Salicylic acid (SA) has been suggested as a possible agronomic component for enhancing plants' biotic and abiotic response because of its involvement in various biological processes. Here, we examine the information that is currently known regarding how heat stress affects interactions between plants and pathogens. We talk about the potential effects of pathogen and plant host growth temperatures, how stress is applied, how temperature changes affect resistance, and how pathogen infestation and heat stress interact. Regardless of the plant and pathogen type, most known resistances are changed at higher temperatures. Consequently, we have enumerated the state of our understanding of pathogen thermosensory pathways and heat-dependent plant immune mechanisms. We also looked at the role that SA plays as a bridge line in the signaling of biotic and abiotic stresses, as well as the role that SA plays in basal thermotolerance and systemic acquired resistance (SAR). We also recommended suggestions for maximizing plant disease resistance under heat stress and identifying thermotolerant resistance mechanisms based on a broad review of the processes underlying plant responses to pathogens and integrating numerous interactions with the biotic environment.