Multifaceted Regulation of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Plants: A Comprehensive Review

Anthocyanins are a class of natural water-soluble pigments found in plants, which are responsible for the varied colours of vegetative tissues and reproductive organs. The regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis requires multiple factors, including enzymes, structural or regulatory genes, and transcriptional regulator proteins. While there has been notable advancement in comprehending anthocyanin biosynthesis, encompassing its structures and overarching regulation, there remains a gap in our understanding concerning the intricate interactions among various genes, molecular and biochemical mechanisms, and their feedback responses to anthocyanin regulatory networks. This article aims to provide an overview of the current understanding of the complex regulatory networks involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway, with a specific focus on anthocyanin biosynthesis.