Efficient ROS Scavenging Improves the Growth and Yield in Black Gram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) after Seed Priming and Treatment using Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles with Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre Leaf Extract

Nanotechnology can be effectively used in agriculture to improve crop production. Biosynthesized nanoparticles can enhance the growth and yield of several crops. In this work, we examine the effect of green synthesized silver nanoparticles from Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre leaf extract on the germination and growth of Black gram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper). Upon treatment with biosynthesized silver nanoparticles, we found a 22% increase in seed germination and a 36% enhancement in seedling growth. Further, pot experiments revealed a significant increase in root length (33%), pod weight (21%) and grain weight (26%). A significant increase in phenolics (20%) and carbohydrates (17%) was also observed. Assessment of the antioxidative enzymes revealed a significant increase in catalase activity (9%), thus indicating a reduced oxidative stress and associated damage. The results suggest that biocompatibility of the synthesized nanoparticles and efficient ROS scavenging mechanisms together play an important role in exhibiting an overall positive effect on germination, growth and development of Black gram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper). The evidence also suggests that Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre may be a good source for the biosynthesis of nanoparticles and use as a plant growth enhancer.