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<p>Increasing intensity, frequency and duration of marine heatwaves (MHWs) are supposed to affect primary productivity and alter phytoplankton community structure. Phosphorus (P) availability is a key driver of diatom-dinoflagellate community shifts. To elucidate the potential impacts of the coupled environmental factors on phytoplankton, we investigated the physiological responses of the diatom <i>Skeletonema costatum</i> and the dinoflagellate <i>Prorocentrum micans</i> under simulated MHWs and varying P availability. MHWs inhibited the growth of <i>S. costatum</i> under high-P conditions compared to baseline temperature, accompanied by impaired PSII function, as evidenced by decreased maximum quantum yield (<i>F</i><sub>v</sub>/<i>F</i><sub>m</sub>), photosynthetic efficiency (<i>α</i>), and maximum electron transport rate (rETR<sub>max</sub>). This inhibitory effect is aggravated under low-P condition. In contrast, <i>P. micans</i> exhibited significant upregulation of photosynthetic activity under heatwave and high-P conditions. Low-P decreased the growth and photosynthesis of <i>P. micans</i>, with no exacerbation by heatwaves, and the inhibition was less severe than that observed in <i>S. costatum</i>. In addition, increased soluble sugar content and enhanced on-photochemical quenching (NPQ) facilitated the sustained growth and physiological performance of <i>P. micans</i>. Principal component analysis (PCA) analysis revealed that sufficient P availability significantly attenuated the adverse effects of marine heatwaves on both algal species. The single-culture data here suggest that <i>P. micans</i> may possess competitive advantages over <i>S. costatum</i> in P-limited and MHW-affected environments, with significant implications for future phytoplankton community composition under climate change.</p>

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Physiological responses of the diatom Skeletonema costatum and dinoflagellate Prorocentrum micans to marine heatwave under phosphorous restriction

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月22日

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  • Hongyan Wu,
  • Jinshuo Gai,
  • Mingze Li,
  • Yan Zhao,
  • Baoqi Li,
  • Zhiguang Xu,
  • Guanglei Yu

摘要

Increasing intensity, frequency and duration of marine heatwaves (MHWs) are supposed to affect primary productivity and alter phytoplankton community structure. Phosphorus (P) availability is a key driver of diatom-dinoflagellate community shifts. To elucidate the potential impacts of the coupled environmental factors on phytoplankton, we investigated the physiological responses of the diatom Skeletonema costatum and the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum micans under simulated MHWs and varying P availability. MHWs inhibited the growth of S. costatum under high-P conditions compared to baseline temperature, accompanied by impaired PSII function, as evidenced by decreased maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm), photosynthetic efficiency (α), and maximum electron transport rate (rETRmax). This inhibitory effect is aggravated under low-P condition. In contrast, P. micans exhibited significant upregulation of photosynthetic activity under heatwave and high-P conditions. Low-P decreased the growth and photosynthesis of P. micans, with no exacerbation by heatwaves, and the inhibition was less severe than that observed in S. costatum. In addition, increased soluble sugar content and enhanced on-photochemical quenching (NPQ) facilitated the sustained growth and physiological performance of P. micans. Principal component analysis (PCA) analysis revealed that sufficient P availability significantly attenuated the adverse effects of marine heatwaves on both algal species. The single-culture data here suggest that P. micans may possess competitive advantages over S. costatum in P-limited and MHW-affected environments, with significant implications for future phytoplankton community composition under climate change.