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<p>High resolution satellite optical sensors provide detailed sea surface textures and wave patterns, offering significant potential for retrieving sea surface wave parameters. The Coastal Zone Imager (CZI) onboard China’s ocean color satellite Haiyang-1E (HY-1E) provides 20-m multispectral and 5-m panchromatic imagery with a 3-d revisit cycle. Its distinctive optical design, which separates transmission and reflection channels onto different focal planes, introduces specific along-track channel time lags. In this study, the viewing geometry and inter-channel time lags of the CZI sensor were systematically evaluated. A dedicated workflow for wave parameter retrieval was developed and its feasibility was validated using 4 in-situ measurements and 69 reanalysis matchups. There is a statistically linear relationship between CZI-derived and reanalysis wave direction (RMSE=20.50°, Bias=0.24°) and period (RMSE=1.68 s, Bias=0.10 s). The specific requirements and limitations of CZI for resolving the 180° directional ambiguity were analyzed in detail. Furthermore, the proposed method was applied to generate the original coastal regional wave products from HY-1E. The uncertainty in comparison with ERA5 products and the potential of wind speed estimation were additionally discussed. Overall, these findings demonstrate that the HY-1E CZI sensor can effectively retrieve sea surface wave parameters, providing a valuable data source for monitoring coastal and marine dynamical environments.</p>

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Optical retrieval of sea surface wave parameters using China’s HY-1E Coastal Zone Imager

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月25日

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  • Lifeng Wang,
  • Qingjun Song,
  • Mingxiu Wang,
  • Sheng Yang,
  • Ziyao Yin,
  • Jun Tang,
  • Hang Lü,
  • Keli Zhang,
  • Yuze Cao,
  • Lili Wang,
  • Yuntao Wang,
  • Yingcheng Lu

摘要

High resolution satellite optical sensors provide detailed sea surface textures and wave patterns, offering significant potential for retrieving sea surface wave parameters. The Coastal Zone Imager (CZI) onboard China’s ocean color satellite Haiyang-1E (HY-1E) provides 20-m multispectral and 5-m panchromatic imagery with a 3-d revisit cycle. Its distinctive optical design, which separates transmission and reflection channels onto different focal planes, introduces specific along-track channel time lags. In this study, the viewing geometry and inter-channel time lags of the CZI sensor were systematically evaluated. A dedicated workflow for wave parameter retrieval was developed and its feasibility was validated using 4 in-situ measurements and 69 reanalysis matchups. There is a statistically linear relationship between CZI-derived and reanalysis wave direction (RMSE=20.50°, Bias=0.24°) and period (RMSE=1.68 s, Bias=0.10 s). The specific requirements and limitations of CZI for resolving the 180° directional ambiguity were analyzed in detail. Furthermore, the proposed method was applied to generate the original coastal regional wave products from HY-1E. The uncertainty in comparison with ERA5 products and the potential of wind speed estimation were additionally discussed. Overall, these findings demonstrate that the HY-1E CZI sensor can effectively retrieve sea surface wave parameters, providing a valuable data source for monitoring coastal and marine dynamical environments.