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<p>Taihu Lake is one of the most severely eutrophic large lakes worldwide, characterized by a complex ecosystem where algal blooms and aquatic vegetation coexist, and it serves as a critical regional water source. Identifying the channels through which algal blooms invade vegetated areas and understanding their underlying mechanisms is essential for effective lake management. In this study, multi-source remote-sensing data were used to extract the spatial patterns of algal bloom frequency and aquatic vegetation over the past 22 years. We detected the major encroachment routes of algal blooms into vegetated zones and revealed the long-term interaction mechanisms between algae and vegetation. Algal blooms were persistently concentrated in the western and northern bays, exhibiting an overall fluctuating upward trend. Aquatic vegetation was mainly distributed in four eastern bays, remained relatively stable before 2015, declined markedly in 2016 due to dredging and shoreline modifications, and then gradually recovered. A stable negative response relationship was observed between algal blooms and aquatic vegetation, jointly regulated by seasonal climate and nutrient structure. High temperatures and intense precipitation in summer facilitated bloom expansion, whereas low temperatures in winter favored vegetation recovery. Meanwhile, lower TN to TP ratios suppressed vegetation growth and enhanced bloom encroachment during summer. Three primary channels of algal bloom encroachment into vegetated areas were identified: the northern shoreline of Gonghu Bay, the surroundings of Dongshan Island, and the southern marginal zone. Among them, the water intake in northern Gonghu Bay represents the most vulnerable zone requiring priority control. Although bloom risk is relatively low for the central and southern water intakes, maintaining the existing hydrodynamic regime and vegetation structure remains essential to prevent vegetation degradation, and enhanced monitoring is needed to identify in situ bloom occurrences within vegetated regions.</p>

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Remote sensing observation of algal bloom encroachment into aquatic vegetation in Taihu Lake over the past two decades

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月16日

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  • Chen Guo,
  • Junfeng Xiong,
  • Jinyi Huang,
  • Man Hou,
  • Xudong Zhou,
  • Chen Lin,
  • Ronghua Ma,
  • Yang Xiang

摘要

Taihu Lake is one of the most severely eutrophic large lakes worldwide, characterized by a complex ecosystem where algal blooms and aquatic vegetation coexist, and it serves as a critical regional water source. Identifying the channels through which algal blooms invade vegetated areas and understanding their underlying mechanisms is essential for effective lake management. In this study, multi-source remote-sensing data were used to extract the spatial patterns of algal bloom frequency and aquatic vegetation over the past 22 years. We detected the major encroachment routes of algal blooms into vegetated zones and revealed the long-term interaction mechanisms between algae and vegetation. Algal blooms were persistently concentrated in the western and northern bays, exhibiting an overall fluctuating upward trend. Aquatic vegetation was mainly distributed in four eastern bays, remained relatively stable before 2015, declined markedly in 2016 due to dredging and shoreline modifications, and then gradually recovered. A stable negative response relationship was observed between algal blooms and aquatic vegetation, jointly regulated by seasonal climate and nutrient structure. High temperatures and intense precipitation in summer facilitated bloom expansion, whereas low temperatures in winter favored vegetation recovery. Meanwhile, lower TN to TP ratios suppressed vegetation growth and enhanced bloom encroachment during summer. Three primary channels of algal bloom encroachment into vegetated areas were identified: the northern shoreline of Gonghu Bay, the surroundings of Dongshan Island, and the southern marginal zone. Among them, the water intake in northern Gonghu Bay represents the most vulnerable zone requiring priority control. Although bloom risk is relatively low for the central and southern water intakes, maintaining the existing hydrodynamic regime and vegetation structure remains essential to prevent vegetation degradation, and enhanced monitoring is needed to identify in situ bloom occurrences within vegetated regions.