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<p>Particulate organic carbon (POC) is critical to the coastal carbon cycle of the Yellow Sea (YS), a typical marginal sea, but its interannual-to-multiyear variability and driving mechanisms remain unclear due to the limitations of traditional linear or single-factor analyses. To address this gap, we employed model-derived surface POC data from 2003 to 2023 and wavelet coherence analysis to investigate POC variability and regulating mechanisms at multi-scales in the YS. The dominant spatiotemporal mode of surface POC exhibits pronounced seasonality, a consistent coastal-offshore gradient (higher in coastal waters), and a spring maximum, which is regulated by the seasonal alternation controlled by coastal production or input and offshore stratification or ventilation. Wavelet analysis reveals distinct subregional differences in driving mechanisms of POC variability at interannual-to-multiyear scales. Colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) is the optimal single driver in most subregions, while sea surface temperature (SST) dominates in the Southern Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass (SYSCWM). Specific optimal multi-factor combinations include CDOM+sea surface wind speed (SSW) in the Northern Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass (NYSCWM), chlorophyll <i>a</i> (Chl <i>a</i>)+Photosynthetically Available Radiation (PAR)+partial pressure of carbon dioxide (<i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub>) in the SYSCWM, CDOM+Chl <i>a</i>+suspended matter (SPM) in the Jiangsu Shoal (JSS) and CDOM+sea surface salinity (SSS) in the Changjiang River estuary (CRE). These findings clarify the subregional heterogeneity of POC variability and its driving mechanisms in the YS at interannual-to-multiyear scales, and provide a robust scientific basis for accurate regional carbon budget assessments and the optimization of marine numerical models.</p>

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Spatiotemporal variability of surface particulate organic carbon distributions in the Yellow Sea: multi-temporal scale analysis and environmental controls

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月16日

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  • Yujie Sheng,
  • Chunli Liu,
  • Bei Su,
  • Qicheng Meng,
  • Muhsan Ali Kalhoro,
  • Zhiyuan He,
  • Min Li

摘要

Particulate organic carbon (POC) is critical to the coastal carbon cycle of the Yellow Sea (YS), a typical marginal sea, but its interannual-to-multiyear variability and driving mechanisms remain unclear due to the limitations of traditional linear or single-factor analyses. To address this gap, we employed model-derived surface POC data from 2003 to 2023 and wavelet coherence analysis to investigate POC variability and regulating mechanisms at multi-scales in the YS. The dominant spatiotemporal mode of surface POC exhibits pronounced seasonality, a consistent coastal-offshore gradient (higher in coastal waters), and a spring maximum, which is regulated by the seasonal alternation controlled by coastal production or input and offshore stratification or ventilation. Wavelet analysis reveals distinct subregional differences in driving mechanisms of POC variability at interannual-to-multiyear scales. Colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) is the optimal single driver in most subregions, while sea surface temperature (SST) dominates in the Southern Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass (SYSCWM). Specific optimal multi-factor combinations include CDOM+sea surface wind speed (SSW) in the Northern Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass (NYSCWM), chlorophyll a (Chl a)+Photosynthetically Available Radiation (PAR)+partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) in the SYSCWM, CDOM+Chl a+suspended matter (SPM) in the Jiangsu Shoal (JSS) and CDOM+sea surface salinity (SSS) in the Changjiang River estuary (CRE). These findings clarify the subregional heterogeneity of POC variability and its driving mechanisms in the YS at interannual-to-multiyear scales, and provide a robust scientific basis for accurate regional carbon budget assessments and the optimization of marine numerical models.