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<p>Microbial communities in arid region lakes are highly sensitive to salinity fluctuations, yet systematic comparisons of free-living (FL) and particle-attached (PA) bacteria along salinity gradients remain scarce. This study focuses on five lakes in the northwestern China, where salinity ranges from freshwater to brackish (0.17–13.88). Using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing, null model analysis, and co-occurrence network approaches, we investigated the diversity and driving mechanisms of FL and PA bacterial communities. Results show that: (1) PA communities exhibited significantly higher α-diversity than FL communities, with PA diversity decreasing as salinity increased, while FL diversity followed a U-shaped trend; (2) beta-dispersion analysis indicated that the spatial heterogeneity of PA communities was stronger compared to FL communities (<i>P</i>&lt;0.001); (3) redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that salinity was the main factor controlling the differentiation of FL communities (35.5% contribution), while water temperature (WT) was the primary driver of PA community variation (37.0%); (4) assembly mechanism analysis suggested that dispersal limitation (DL) was the dominant process shaping FL community assembly (64.2%), whereas homogeneous selection (HoS) governed PA community assembly (58.8%). This study provided novel insights into the response mechanisms and ecological adaptations of microbial communities in arid region lakes to environmental changes, offering critical theoretical support for aquatic microbial ecology in the context of inland lake salinization under climate change.</p>

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Salinity-driven diversity and assembly of free-living and particle-attached bacterial communities in arid region lakes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月4日

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  • Yuxuan Lei,
  • Chen Wang,
  • Xinyu Chen,
  • Zhen Shen,
  • Bin Zhang,
  • Yi Gong,
  • Yang Hu,
  • Keqiang Shao,
  • Guang Gao,
  • Xiangming Tang

摘要

Microbial communities in arid region lakes are highly sensitive to salinity fluctuations, yet systematic comparisons of free-living (FL) and particle-attached (PA) bacteria along salinity gradients remain scarce. This study focuses on five lakes in the northwestern China, where salinity ranges from freshwater to brackish (0.17–13.88). Using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing, null model analysis, and co-occurrence network approaches, we investigated the diversity and driving mechanisms of FL and PA bacterial communities. Results show that: (1) PA communities exhibited significantly higher α-diversity than FL communities, with PA diversity decreasing as salinity increased, while FL diversity followed a U-shaped trend; (2) beta-dispersion analysis indicated that the spatial heterogeneity of PA communities was stronger compared to FL communities (P<0.001); (3) redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that salinity was the main factor controlling the differentiation of FL communities (35.5% contribution), while water temperature (WT) was the primary driver of PA community variation (37.0%); (4) assembly mechanism analysis suggested that dispersal limitation (DL) was the dominant process shaping FL community assembly (64.2%), whereas homogeneous selection (HoS) governed PA community assembly (58.8%). This study provided novel insights into the response mechanisms and ecological adaptations of microbial communities in arid region lakes to environmental changes, offering critical theoretical support for aquatic microbial ecology in the context of inland lake salinization under climate change.