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<p>Water transparency, commonly quantified by Secchi disk depth (SDD), serves as a critical indicator of water quality. To comprehensively analyze long-term water quality trends and assess the impacts of human activities and climatic factors on the Huaihe River Basin (HRB), a robust SDD retrieval model was developed and applied to the Landsat serial data spanning from 1980s to 2018. The algorithm yielded accurate SDD estimations, with a calibration <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> of 0.81 (<i>n</i>=168), a mean absolute percentage error of 17.5%, and a root mean square error of 0.11 m (<i>n</i>=84) during validation against simulated Landsat spectra. Application of the algorithm to the Landsat time series revealed clear picture of basin-wide water SDD dynamics. Most water bodies exhibited relatively high SDD values in autumn, despite spatiotemporal variations. Among 165 monitored water bodies, only 3 showed declining SDD trends, whereas 102 displayed significant increases. For 86 water bodies, human activities were found to surpass climatic factors in influencing SDD. Key drivers of interannual SDD variation across all water bodies included gross domestic product (GDP, 31.97%), air temperature (24.31%), wind speed (19.84%), and population (15.41%), while normalized difference vegetation index, precipitation, and residual factors collectively contributed only 8.47% of the variation. This study provides novel perspectives on water quality responses to climatic and anthropogenic pressures on the basin scale, facilitating effective mitigation strategies for environmental impacts on inland water bodies.</p>

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Long-term satellite observation on the impacts of human activity and climatic factor on water transparency in the Huaihe River basin, China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月7日

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  • Zhigang Wu,
  • Shaohua Lei,
  • Ge Liu,
  • Jingxiu Wu

摘要

Water transparency, commonly quantified by Secchi disk depth (SDD), serves as a critical indicator of water quality. To comprehensively analyze long-term water quality trends and assess the impacts of human activities and climatic factors on the Huaihe River Basin (HRB), a robust SDD retrieval model was developed and applied to the Landsat serial data spanning from 1980s to 2018. The algorithm yielded accurate SDD estimations, with a calibration R2 of 0.81 (n=168), a mean absolute percentage error of 17.5%, and a root mean square error of 0.11 m (n=84) during validation against simulated Landsat spectra. Application of the algorithm to the Landsat time series revealed clear picture of basin-wide water SDD dynamics. Most water bodies exhibited relatively high SDD values in autumn, despite spatiotemporal variations. Among 165 monitored water bodies, only 3 showed declining SDD trends, whereas 102 displayed significant increases. For 86 water bodies, human activities were found to surpass climatic factors in influencing SDD. Key drivers of interannual SDD variation across all water bodies included gross domestic product (GDP, 31.97%), air temperature (24.31%), wind speed (19.84%), and population (15.41%), while normalized difference vegetation index, precipitation, and residual factors collectively contributed only 8.47% of the variation. This study provides novel perspectives on water quality responses to climatic and anthropogenic pressures on the basin scale, facilitating effective mitigation strategies for environmental impacts on inland water bodies.