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<p>The sedimentary ecosystems of deep-sea floors harbor abundant biological resources, with fungi emerging as predominant eukaryotic taxa that perform crucial ecological roles. However, the adaptive strategies enabling fungal survival in these extreme low-oxygen environments remain poorly understood. We elucidated the hypoxic adaptation mechanisms of <i>Chaetomium globosum</i> YP-106, an oxygen-sensitive fungus isolated from 6 215-m deep seawater in Yap Trench in the western Pacific. Under hypoxic conditions, the strain growth rate was reduced with significant mycelial morphological alterations. Multi-omics analyses revealed 313 differentially abundant metabolites (DAMs) and 661 differential expression genes (DEGs), enriched in mainly fatty acid metabolism (degradation/synthesis) and carbohydrate utilization pathways. It is noteworthy that gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis identified 171 membrane-associated genes, suggesting that structural membrane remodeling may serve as a key adaptive strategy. Integrated pathway analysis demonstrated metabolic reprogramming characterized by suppressed tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity and preferential activation of anaerobic glycolysis for ATP production. Importantly, the NADH dehydrogenase-mediated NAD+ regeneration was enhanced as a compensatory mechanism sustaining residual TCA cycle function. These findings elucidated hypoxic metabolic mechanisms in deep-sea ascomycetes, enhanced our understanding of microbial energy conservation strategies in oxygen-deprived environments, and offered novel perspectives on eukaryotic extremophile adaptation mechanisms in benthic ecosystems.</p>

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Regulation mechanism of the hadal trench-derived fungus Chaetomium globosum YP-106 under oxygen stress as revealed by integration of metabolomic and transcriptomic profiles

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月16日

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  • Yaqin Fan,
  • Xin Liu,
  • Yan Zhang,
  • Yuxuan Gai,
  • Xin Li,
  • Lin Song

摘要

The sedimentary ecosystems of deep-sea floors harbor abundant biological resources, with fungi emerging as predominant eukaryotic taxa that perform crucial ecological roles. However, the adaptive strategies enabling fungal survival in these extreme low-oxygen environments remain poorly understood. We elucidated the hypoxic adaptation mechanisms of Chaetomium globosum YP-106, an oxygen-sensitive fungus isolated from 6 215-m deep seawater in Yap Trench in the western Pacific. Under hypoxic conditions, the strain growth rate was reduced with significant mycelial morphological alterations. Multi-omics analyses revealed 313 differentially abundant metabolites (DAMs) and 661 differential expression genes (DEGs), enriched in mainly fatty acid metabolism (degradation/synthesis) and carbohydrate utilization pathways. It is noteworthy that gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis identified 171 membrane-associated genes, suggesting that structural membrane remodeling may serve as a key adaptive strategy. Integrated pathway analysis demonstrated metabolic reprogramming characterized by suppressed tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity and preferential activation of anaerobic glycolysis for ATP production. Importantly, the NADH dehydrogenase-mediated NAD+ regeneration was enhanced as a compensatory mechanism sustaining residual TCA cycle function. These findings elucidated hypoxic metabolic mechanisms in deep-sea ascomycetes, enhanced our understanding of microbial energy conservation strategies in oxygen-deprived environments, and offered novel perspectives on eukaryotic extremophile adaptation mechanisms in benthic ecosystems.