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<p>In recent studies, the most effective method for controlling harmful algal blooms (HABs) in field applications is the modified clay (MC) technology. While the MC technology has been proved highly effective for HABs control, emerging evidence highlights its limitations, particularly in the presence of algal organic matter (AOM) where the algal removal efficiency of MC can be significantly reduced. We compared the physicochemical properties of AOM derived from two dinoflagellate species, <i>Prorocentrum donghaiense</i> (also identified as <i>Prorocentrum shikokuense</i> Hada and <i>Prorocentrum obtusidens</i> Schiller) and <i>Amphidinium carterae</i>, and their effects on the MC flocculation of microalgae cells. The physicochemical properties of AOM in microalgal culture fluid can differ with species and growth phase. Various AOM samples had different effects on MC flocculation; for example, AOM derived from <i>P. donghaiense</i> in the exponential growth phase inhibited flocculation, while AOM derived from <i>A. carterae</i> in the exponential growth and stationary phases accelerated flocculation. The effect of AOM on MC flocculation was attributed to a combination of multiple mechanisms, with individual AOM properties displaying inconsistent effects under different sets of conditions. Notably, the ratio of the molecular weight to the electric charge (<i>M</i>/<i>E</i>) of the AOM can indicate how the AOM will affect the algae removal efficiency of MC: the larger the ratio is, the greater the promoting effect is likely to be, and vice versa.</p>

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Exploration of the primary features of algal organic matter that impede the efficiency of harmful algal bloom control by modified clay

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月29日

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  • Yafan Wang,
  • Xihua Cao,
  • Kaiqin Jiang,
  • Na Chu,
  • Xiaomiao Zang,
  • Tianrong Zhan,
  • Xiuxian Song,
  • Zhiming Yu

摘要

In recent studies, the most effective method for controlling harmful algal blooms (HABs) in field applications is the modified clay (MC) technology. While the MC technology has been proved highly effective for HABs control, emerging evidence highlights its limitations, particularly in the presence of algal organic matter (AOM) where the algal removal efficiency of MC can be significantly reduced. We compared the physicochemical properties of AOM derived from two dinoflagellate species, Prorocentrum donghaiense (also identified as Prorocentrum shikokuense Hada and Prorocentrum obtusidens Schiller) and Amphidinium carterae, and their effects on the MC flocculation of microalgae cells. The physicochemical properties of AOM in microalgal culture fluid can differ with species and growth phase. Various AOM samples had different effects on MC flocculation; for example, AOM derived from P. donghaiense in the exponential growth phase inhibited flocculation, while AOM derived from A. carterae in the exponential growth and stationary phases accelerated flocculation. The effect of AOM on MC flocculation was attributed to a combination of multiple mechanisms, with individual AOM properties displaying inconsistent effects under different sets of conditions. Notably, the ratio of the molecular weight to the electric charge (M/E) of the AOM can indicate how the AOM will affect the algae removal efficiency of MC: the larger the ratio is, the greater the promoting effect is likely to be, and vice versa.