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<p>Coastal waters of Qinhuangdao, a representative of China’s northern coastline, frequently experience harmful algal blooms (HABs). However, significant gaps remain in our understanding of HAB species composition, the annual variations in phytoplankton community structure, and the primary influential factors driving these patterns. To address these issues, we conducted monthly phytoplankton sampling at three sites in the northern Qinhuangdao coastal waters from July 2020 to July 2021, excluding August, November 2020, and January 2021 due to adverse weather conditions. We employed 18S rRNA gene V4 region metabarcoding to characterize the phytoplankton community composition. Detecting a total of 428 phytoplankton amplicon sequence variants annotated to 7 phyla, 27 classes, 157 genera, and 274 species. Among them, Dinoflagellata exhibited the greatest diversity and relative abundance, followed by Bacillariophyta. Based on the patterns of annual variation, the phytoplankton community can be classified into three distinct groups—common, summer-autumn, and winter-spring—each displaying characteristic seasonal fluctuations. These patterns appear to be driven by a combination of deterministic environmental factors, particularly sea surface temperature which follows clear seasonal cycles, and nutrient availability, as well as by stochastic processes. Such cyclic dynamics may contribute to the recurrent outbreaks of HABs. Furthermore, the identification of a high diversity of HAB species with diverse negative impacts—including ichthyotoxic, paralytic shellfish poisoning, and cytotoxic effects—which suggests that the frequency of these blooms may be increasing, thereby posing potential risks to adjacent ecosystems, aquaculture, and public health, particularly during summer and autumn.</p>

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Seasonal dynamics of phytoplankton shapes the annual variation of community in the coastal waters of Qinhuangdao, a high-frequency HAB area in North China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月8日

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  • Junlan Huang,
  • Chao Liu,
  • Jiabo Zhang,
  • Gang Wang,
  • Wenjiao Tang,
  • Xiaoyang Yu,
  • Qingchun Zhang,
  • Rencheng Yu

摘要

Coastal waters of Qinhuangdao, a representative of China’s northern coastline, frequently experience harmful algal blooms (HABs). However, significant gaps remain in our understanding of HAB species composition, the annual variations in phytoplankton community structure, and the primary influential factors driving these patterns. To address these issues, we conducted monthly phytoplankton sampling at three sites in the northern Qinhuangdao coastal waters from July 2020 to July 2021, excluding August, November 2020, and January 2021 due to adverse weather conditions. We employed 18S rRNA gene V4 region metabarcoding to characterize the phytoplankton community composition. Detecting a total of 428 phytoplankton amplicon sequence variants annotated to 7 phyla, 27 classes, 157 genera, and 274 species. Among them, Dinoflagellata exhibited the greatest diversity and relative abundance, followed by Bacillariophyta. Based on the patterns of annual variation, the phytoplankton community can be classified into three distinct groups—common, summer-autumn, and winter-spring—each displaying characteristic seasonal fluctuations. These patterns appear to be driven by a combination of deterministic environmental factors, particularly sea surface temperature which follows clear seasonal cycles, and nutrient availability, as well as by stochastic processes. Such cyclic dynamics may contribute to the recurrent outbreaks of HABs. Furthermore, the identification of a high diversity of HAB species with diverse negative impacts—including ichthyotoxic, paralytic shellfish poisoning, and cytotoxic effects—which suggests that the frequency of these blooms may be increasing, thereby posing potential risks to adjacent ecosystems, aquaculture, and public health, particularly during summer and autumn.