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<p>Ecological floating bed is an important biological remediation method for water pollution control. During the removal of excess nutrients and pollutants, changes in environmental factors affect the characteristics of microorganisms in aquatic ecosystems. To understand the influences of ecological floating beds on size-fractionated microorganisms, we investigated the community assembly and nitrogen metabolic characteristics of three size-fractionated microorganism groups in the ecological floating bed area, using 18S rDNA, 16S rDNA metabarcoding, and metagenomic sequencing techniques. Firstly, we discovered substantial differences between size-fractionated groups in the diversity and compositions of both microeukaryotic and bacterial communities, as well as the influences of floating beds on specific groups. The floating beds appeared to provide more habitats for heterotrophs and symbiotes while potentially inhibiting the growth of certain phytoplankton (cyanobacteria). Secondly, we observed that microeukaryotic and bacterial communities were predominantly influenced by stochastic and deterministic processes, respectively, and they both exhibited distinct patterns across different size-fractionated groups. Notably, microeukaryotic community assembly demonstrated a greater sensitivity to ecological floating beds, as indicated by an increase in dispersal limitation processes. Finally, the nitrogen metabolism functional genes revealed that microbes associated with large-sized particles played a crucial role in dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) and denitrification processes within the floating bed area, thereby facilitating the removal of excess nitrogen nutrients from the water. In contrast, free-living microorganisms from small-sized groups were linked mainly to the genes involved in nitrogen assimilation and assimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (ANRA) processes. These findings help understand the impact of ecological floating beds on the diversity and functional characteristics of microorganism communities in different size-fractionated groups.</p>

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Community assembly and nitrogen metabolic characteristics of size-fractionated microorganisms in floating bed restoration area

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月18日

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  • Yi Shi,
  • Rui Zhao,
  • Lingfeng Huang,
  • Wenjing Zhang

摘要

Ecological floating bed is an important biological remediation method for water pollution control. During the removal of excess nutrients and pollutants, changes in environmental factors affect the characteristics of microorganisms in aquatic ecosystems. To understand the influences of ecological floating beds on size-fractionated microorganisms, we investigated the community assembly and nitrogen metabolic characteristics of three size-fractionated microorganism groups in the ecological floating bed area, using 18S rDNA, 16S rDNA metabarcoding, and metagenomic sequencing techniques. Firstly, we discovered substantial differences between size-fractionated groups in the diversity and compositions of both microeukaryotic and bacterial communities, as well as the influences of floating beds on specific groups. The floating beds appeared to provide more habitats for heterotrophs and symbiotes while potentially inhibiting the growth of certain phytoplankton (cyanobacteria). Secondly, we observed that microeukaryotic and bacterial communities were predominantly influenced by stochastic and deterministic processes, respectively, and they both exhibited distinct patterns across different size-fractionated groups. Notably, microeukaryotic community assembly demonstrated a greater sensitivity to ecological floating beds, as indicated by an increase in dispersal limitation processes. Finally, the nitrogen metabolism functional genes revealed that microbes associated with large-sized particles played a crucial role in dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) and denitrification processes within the floating bed area, thereby facilitating the removal of excess nitrogen nutrients from the water. In contrast, free-living microorganisms from small-sized groups were linked mainly to the genes involved in nitrogen assimilation and assimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (ANRA) processes. These findings help understand the impact of ecological floating beds on the diversity and functional characteristics of microorganism communities in different size-fractionated groups.