Quantum dense coding in two-qubit anisotropic XY Heisenberg model with Herring-Flicker coupling

Quantum dense coding enables the transmission of two bits of classical information using a single qubit, leveraging the initial maximal entanglement of a Bell state channel. This study investigates this process within a two-qubit anisotropic XY Heisenberg spin chain, influenced by Herring-Flicker coupling and subjected to an external magnetic field. In practical scenarios, the interaction between spins, characterized by the variable coupling strength J, significantly impacts the assessment of these spin systems for quantum computing and communication. Therefore, it is essential to consider the distance between the spins. This article aims to analyze the effects of temperature variations on the quantum communication channel, taking into account Herring-Flicker coupling, which is vital for implementing quantum communication protocols in real-world applications. Our findings suggest that the current channel shows promising potential for the quantum-dense coding protocol.