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<p>Silicon (Si) is considered a promising next-generation anode material for lithium-ion batteries owing to its exceptionally high specific capacity, low lithiation potential, and natural abundance, making it attractive for high-energy-density energy storage applications. However, severe volume changes during cycling, parasitic side reactions, and high processing costs have hindered its large-scale commercialization. Herein, porous Si was synthesized via the magnesiothermic reduction of Stöber-derived silica using CaCl<sub>2</sub> as a heat scavenger, which effectively suppressed by-product formation and particle agglomeration. The resulting CaCl<sub>2</sub>-assisted Si exhibited smaller crystallite size, higher surface area, and larger pore volume. Silicon–graphite electrodes were fabricated by blending commercial graphite with only 5 wt% of the synthesized Si. The Si-graphite electrodes containing CaCl<sub>2</sub>-assisted Si demonstrated improved electrochemical performance and more stable cycling behavior compared with the electrode prepared without CaCl<sub>2</sub>-assisted Si. These results indicate that CaCl<sub>2</sub>-assisted magnesiothermic reduction provides a controllable and scalable route for synthesizing micro/nanostructured porous Si, enabling enhanced capacity retention and structural stability in Si–graphite anodes.</p>

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Synthesis of silicon-modified graphite anode via molten salt-assisted magnesiothermic reduction for lithium-ion batteries

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月5日

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  • Burak Fedakar,
  • Selin Ozen,
  • Omer Eroglu,
  • Nilgun Karatepe

摘要

Silicon (Si) is considered a promising next-generation anode material for lithium-ion batteries owing to its exceptionally high specific capacity, low lithiation potential, and natural abundance, making it attractive for high-energy-density energy storage applications. However, severe volume changes during cycling, parasitic side reactions, and high processing costs have hindered its large-scale commercialization. Herein, porous Si was synthesized via the magnesiothermic reduction of Stöber-derived silica using CaCl2 as a heat scavenger, which effectively suppressed by-product formation and particle agglomeration. The resulting CaCl2-assisted Si exhibited smaller crystallite size, higher surface area, and larger pore volume. Silicon–graphite electrodes were fabricated by blending commercial graphite with only 5 wt% of the synthesized Si. The Si-graphite electrodes containing CaCl2-assisted Si demonstrated improved electrochemical performance and more stable cycling behavior compared with the electrode prepared without CaCl2-assisted Si. These results indicate that CaCl2-assisted magnesiothermic reduction provides a controllable and scalable route for synthesizing micro/nanostructured porous Si, enabling enhanced capacity retention and structural stability in Si–graphite anodes.