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<p>Phase pure Nickel ferrite (NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) nanoparticles were synthesized using hydrothermal technique and were studies for structural and magnetic properties using experimental and Monte Carlo simulation studies. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) confirmed single phase spinel (NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) crystallites at nano scale. Magnetic measurements revealed magnetically soft ferrimagnetic behavior with non-saturating hysteresis and negligible coercivity, characteristic of nanocrystalline NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, that strongly vary with temperature, including thermally driven blocking transition and temperature dependent saturation magnetization. Monte Carlo simulations of classical Heisenberg model, which incorporate nearest neighbor exchange, random anisotropy axes, and external field, reproduced the experimental trends such as hysteresis loop shape, temperature evolution of coercivity and blocking behavior. Systematic simulation studies further demonstrated that inter-lattice (A-B) exchange coupling strongly controls coercivity and the magnetization reversal mechanism. The combined experimental and computational results indicate that exchange interactions and thermal spin fluctuations dominate the magnetic response of the nanoparticles. Thus, the studies reported here suggest nanoscale magnetism in spinel ferrites and provide practical modelling-experimental framework to tune NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> for data storage, biomedical and spintronics applications.</p>

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Insight into the magnetic behavior of NiFe2O4 nanoparticles through experimental and Monte Carlo approach

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月4日

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  • P. V. N. M. Kaushik,
  • K. Jayanthi,
  • Rounak Bhattacharyya

摘要

Phase pure Nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) nanoparticles were synthesized using hydrothermal technique and were studies for structural and magnetic properties using experimental and Monte Carlo simulation studies. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) confirmed single phase spinel (NiFe2O4) crystallites at nano scale. Magnetic measurements revealed magnetically soft ferrimagnetic behavior with non-saturating hysteresis and negligible coercivity, characteristic of nanocrystalline NiFe2O4, that strongly vary with temperature, including thermally driven blocking transition and temperature dependent saturation magnetization. Monte Carlo simulations of classical Heisenberg model, which incorporate nearest neighbor exchange, random anisotropy axes, and external field, reproduced the experimental trends such as hysteresis loop shape, temperature evolution of coercivity and blocking behavior. Systematic simulation studies further demonstrated that inter-lattice (A-B) exchange coupling strongly controls coercivity and the magnetization reversal mechanism. The combined experimental and computational results indicate that exchange interactions and thermal spin fluctuations dominate the magnetic response of the nanoparticles. Thus, the studies reported here suggest nanoscale magnetism in spinel ferrites and provide practical modelling-experimental framework to tune NiFe2O4 for data storage, biomedical and spintronics applications.