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<p>This study investigated the photoluminescent and photocatalytic performance of europium-doped zinc oxide (ZnO: Eu³⁺) compared with pure zinc oxide. ZnO: Eu³⁺ nanoparticles were successfully synthesized via the co-precipitation method. XRD results confirmed the stabilization of the hexagonal phase without the presence of secondary phases, indicating effective Eu³⁺ doping. Microstructural and morphological modifications were evaluated through X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. A growth mechanism for the ZnO nanoparticles was proposed, based on a self-organization behavior that led to the formation of 3D microflower-like morphologies. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements of ZnO: Eu³⁺ revealed a strong red emission associated with the electric-dipole ⁵D₀ → ⁷F₂ transition at 615&#xa0;nm, attributed to the asymmetric environment surrounding the Eu³⁺ ions. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of the Reactive Red 239 dye was also investigated. The results demonstrated that Eu³⁺ incorporation enhanced the photocatalytic activity relative to pure ZnO, primarily due to the reduced recombination rate of photogenerated charge carriers (e⁻/h⁺). The ZnO:1% Eu³⁺ sample achieved 82% degradation of Reactive Red 239, and under optimized photocatalyst concentration, the degradation efficiency increased to 90%. The results indicate that ZnO: Eu³⁺ is a promising material for optical applications—such as a red phosphor in pc-LEDs and for environmental remediation as an efficient photocatalyst.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Investigation of the influence of Eu3+ doping on ZnO: impact on microstructural and optical properties

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月1日

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  • L. X. Lovisa,
  • J. V. T. Pedron,
  • T. B. O. Nunes,
  • C. R. S. de Oliveira,
  • M. R. da Rocha,
  • M. Siu

摘要

This study investigated the photoluminescent and photocatalytic performance of europium-doped zinc oxide (ZnO: Eu³⁺) compared with pure zinc oxide. ZnO: Eu³⁺ nanoparticles were successfully synthesized via the co-precipitation method. XRD results confirmed the stabilization of the hexagonal phase without the presence of secondary phases, indicating effective Eu³⁺ doping. Microstructural and morphological modifications were evaluated through X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. A growth mechanism for the ZnO nanoparticles was proposed, based on a self-organization behavior that led to the formation of 3D microflower-like morphologies. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements of ZnO: Eu³⁺ revealed a strong red emission associated with the electric-dipole ⁵D₀ → ⁷F₂ transition at 615 nm, attributed to the asymmetric environment surrounding the Eu³⁺ ions. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of the Reactive Red 239 dye was also investigated. The results demonstrated that Eu³⁺ incorporation enhanced the photocatalytic activity relative to pure ZnO, primarily due to the reduced recombination rate of photogenerated charge carriers (e⁻/h⁺). The ZnO:1% Eu³⁺ sample achieved 82% degradation of Reactive Red 239, and under optimized photocatalyst concentration, the degradation efficiency increased to 90%. The results indicate that ZnO: Eu³⁺ is a promising material for optical applications—such as a red phosphor in pc-LEDs and for environmental remediation as an efficient photocatalyst.

Graphical abstract