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<p>Mesoporous Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-WO<sub>3</sub> thick films were synthesized and investigated for high-sensitivity liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) sensing applications. WO<sub>3</sub> and Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles were prepared via a cost-effective co-precipitation method, followed by screen-printing to fabricate thick films with varying Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> concentrations (1–9 wt%). X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of monoclinic WO<sub>3</sub> with crystallite sizes in the range of 27–36&#xa0;nm, while Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> incorporation induced lattice strain and defect formation without disrupting the host structure. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) analysis revealed a morphological evolution toward highly porous, interconnected nanosheet-like architectures, with the 7 wt% Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-WO<sub>3</sub> sample (CrWO7) exhibiting the most favorable microstructure. Nitrogen adsorption–desorption measurements confirmed the mesoporous nature of CrWO7, delivering a Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area of 14.66 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>− 1</sup>, pore volume of 0.0239 cm<sup>3</sup> g<sup>− 1</sup>, and an average pore diameter of 6.58&#xa0;nm, representing nearly a threefold increase compared to pristine WO<sub>3</sub>. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy <b>(</b>XPS) analysis confirmed the successful incorporation of Cr<sup>3+</sup> into the WO<sub>3</sub> lattice, with W<sup>6+</sup> oxidation states and oxygen vacancies. Gas sensing measurements demonstrated that CrWO7 achieved a maximum response of 86.33% toward 400 ppm LPG at an operating temperature of 120&#xa0;°C, along with good selectivity, fast response–recovery behavior, and stable performance over 30 days. The enhanced sensing performance is attributed to increased surface area, oxygen vacancy-induced defects, catalytic activity of Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, and p–n heterojunction effects, making CrWO7 a promising candidate for reliable LPG detection.</p>

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Mesoporous Cr2O3-WO3 thick films as high-sensitivity LPG sensors for safety applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月1日

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  • Hemant K. Suryawanshi,
  • Surendra M. Yenorkar,
  • Vijay A. Mane

摘要

Mesoporous Cr2O3-WO3 thick films were synthesized and investigated for high-sensitivity liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) sensing applications. WO3 and Cr2O3 nanoparticles were prepared via a cost-effective co-precipitation method, followed by screen-printing to fabricate thick films with varying Cr2O3 concentrations (1–9 wt%). X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of monoclinic WO3 with crystallite sizes in the range of 27–36 nm, while Cr2O3 incorporation induced lattice strain and defect formation without disrupting the host structure. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) analysis revealed a morphological evolution toward highly porous, interconnected nanosheet-like architectures, with the 7 wt% Cr2O3-WO3 sample (CrWO7) exhibiting the most favorable microstructure. Nitrogen adsorption–desorption measurements confirmed the mesoporous nature of CrWO7, delivering a Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area of 14.66 m2 g− 1, pore volume of 0.0239 cm3 g− 1, and an average pore diameter of 6.58 nm, representing nearly a threefold increase compared to pristine WO3. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) analysis confirmed the successful incorporation of Cr3+ into the WO3 lattice, with W6+ oxidation states and oxygen vacancies. Gas sensing measurements demonstrated that CrWO7 achieved a maximum response of 86.33% toward 400 ppm LPG at an operating temperature of 120 °C, along with good selectivity, fast response–recovery behavior, and stable performance over 30 days. The enhanced sensing performance is attributed to increased surface area, oxygen vacancy-induced defects, catalytic activity of Cr2O3, and p–n heterojunction effects, making CrWO7 a promising candidate for reliable LPG detection.