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<p>The growing demand for self-sustainable flexible green energy devices necessitates the development of high-performance piezoelectric nanogenerators that efficiently harvest mechanical energy. Herein, we synthesized a novel MXene@Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> heterostructure through simple hydrothermal method. The synthesized heterostructure was characterized using X-ray diffraction and Photoelectron Spectroscopy for the identification of their crystalline phases and oxidation states, respectively. Further, MXene@Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> were incorporated into PVDF matrix with different concentrations (0, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5 and 5 wt%) as nanofillers to prepare the flexible films via drop casting method. The films were used to fabricate the flexible piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG). The reinforcement of MXene@Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> at the optimal 1.25 wt% concentration, improved the dielectric properties and maintained the tensile strength upto 26.7&#xa0;MPa of nanocomposite films. The 1.25 wt% concentration-based PENG device generated a voltage ouput ~ 75&#xa0;V that is 2.5 times higher than the pristine PVDF with maximum power density ~ 125 µW/cm<sup>2</sup> under repetitive palm-induced tapping. This enhanced piezoelectric performance is ascribed to the addition of MXene@Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> heterostructure as nanofillers in the PVDF matrix where (i) negatively terminated (–F, –OH, –O) surfaces of MXenes strongly interact with PVDF CH<sub>2</sub> – CF<sub>2</sub> dipoles and MXene sheets also provide large surface area for the charge accumulation, (ii) Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> being highly polarisable material increased the polarisable groups in the nanocomposite film and (iii) multiple interfacial interactions that intensified the net polarization. Further, the device illustrated voltage stability over 500 cycles of mechanical stimulus without significant degradation that also switched on 11 commercial LEDs and charged different capacitors that demonstrates its robustness and real time application. Our findings establish that PVDF film incorporated with MXene@Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> heterostructure is a potential material for developing flexible, self-powered electronics and upcoming wearable technology.</p>

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Heterostructured MXene@Ta2O5 reinforced PVDF based flexible PENG for efficient mechanical energy harvesting

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月15日

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  • Shivani Sangwan,
  • Aman Kumar,
  • Gagan Sharma,
  • Vinod Singh,
  • Richa Sharma,
  • Deshraj Meena

摘要

The growing demand for self-sustainable flexible green energy devices necessitates the development of high-performance piezoelectric nanogenerators that efficiently harvest mechanical energy. Herein, we synthesized a novel MXene@Ta2O5 heterostructure through simple hydrothermal method. The synthesized heterostructure was characterized using X-ray diffraction and Photoelectron Spectroscopy for the identification of their crystalline phases and oxidation states, respectively. Further, MXene@Ta2O5 were incorporated into PVDF matrix with different concentrations (0, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5 and 5 wt%) as nanofillers to prepare the flexible films via drop casting method. The films were used to fabricate the flexible piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG). The reinforcement of MXene@Ta2O5 at the optimal 1.25 wt% concentration, improved the dielectric properties and maintained the tensile strength upto 26.7 MPa of nanocomposite films. The 1.25 wt% concentration-based PENG device generated a voltage ouput ~ 75 V that is 2.5 times higher than the pristine PVDF with maximum power density ~ 125 µW/cm2 under repetitive palm-induced tapping. This enhanced piezoelectric performance is ascribed to the addition of MXene@Ta2O5 heterostructure as nanofillers in the PVDF matrix where (i) negatively terminated (–F, –OH, –O) surfaces of MXenes strongly interact with PVDF CH2 – CF2 dipoles and MXene sheets also provide large surface area for the charge accumulation, (ii) Ta2O5 being highly polarisable material increased the polarisable groups in the nanocomposite film and (iii) multiple interfacial interactions that intensified the net polarization. Further, the device illustrated voltage stability over 500 cycles of mechanical stimulus without significant degradation that also switched on 11 commercial LEDs and charged different capacitors that demonstrates its robustness and real time application. Our findings establish that PVDF film incorporated with MXene@Ta2O5 heterostructure is a potential material for developing flexible, self-powered electronics and upcoming wearable technology.