Nanoarchitectonics of noble-metal-doped perovskites integrated with magnetic hexaferrites for enhanced photocatalytic and antibacterial performance

This study reports the nanoarchitectonics of a composite photocatalyst system comprising noble‑metal‑doped perovskites (SrTiO₃, BaTiO₃, PbTiO₃) integrated with magnetic hexaferrites (SrFe₁₂O₁₉, BaFe₁₂O₁₉, PbFe₁₂O₁₉). Doping with noble metals (Au, Pd, and Pt) significantly improves visible‑light absorption, charge separation, and surface reactivity. The hexaferrite cores provide magnetic functionality and hexagonal symmetry, facilitating charge transfer and suppressing recombination. An ultrasonic‑assisted synthesis route yields uniform perovskite nanoparticles with enlarged active surfaces, while the hexaferrites are prepared via a green bio‑assisted route using beetroot extract. Structural, morphological, magnetic, and optical characteristics were confirmed through XRD, SEM, EDX, VSM, FTIR, and UV–Vis analyses. Photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes and antibacterial assays against coliform bacteria demonstrated the environmental applicability of these nanoarchitectonic-based composites. Overall, these findings underscore the promise of noble‑metal‑doped perovskite/hexaferrite heterostructures for sustainable pollutant removal and clean‑energy applications.