Design dynamically and tunable metamaterial absorber graphene-vanadium dioxide based for terahertz regime

This article demonstrates an innovation compact metamaterial absorber (MMA) based on hybrid graphene-vanadium dioxide (VO₂) to operate in the terahertz regime. Simulated results demonstrate that the absorber has two absorption packs that are higher than 96% and 93.5% placed in the frequency range of (2.26 to 6.31) THz. This can occur when the chemical potential of the graphene (µ_c) of (0.5) eV and the (VO₂) in the metallic phase have electric conductivity of about (2 × 10⁵S/m). Furthermore, as the chemical potential of graphene (µ_c) changed between (0.1 to 1) eV the absorption spectrum changed from a low to a high frequency range. Therefore, a frequency selection capability can be applied to a certain level. As well as the peak of the absorption spectrum, it can be dynamically tuned from (1.74% to 100%) by varying (VO₂) electric conductivity. This has led to the proposed metamaterial absorber, which offers wide-angle incidence abilities and polarization insensitivity in both transverse magnetic (TM) and transverse electric (TE) modes due to its high structural symmetry. Hence, the advised unit cell, a dynamically switchable, tunable, and wideband terahertz absorber, maintains there is plenty of opportunity for applications in particular areas, including electromagnetic (EM) interference shielding, biosensing, and technological imaging.