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<p>Silver nanoparticle (AgNP) clusters were prepared by an electrochemical-biogenic route using <i>Camellia chrysantha</i> leaf extracts of different polarity as in situ surface-modulating agents. This study aims to investigate how extract polarity governs surface passivation and interfacial charge-transfer behavior in electrochemically synthesized AgNP clusters. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed crystalline, quasi-spherical AgNP clusters with sizes of approximately 18–25&#xa0;nm. FT-IR and zeta-potential analyses revealed distinct binding modes and surface charge characteristics depending on extract polarity. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed a significant reduction in charge-transfer resistance (Rct) and enhanced interfacial capacitance in polarity-optimized systems. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) further demonstrated higher peak currents and improved redox reversibility. These electrochemical properties were reflected in antibacterial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) as low as 4.5&#xa0;µg/mL against <i>Escherichia coli</i> and 7.1&#xa0;µg/mL for polarity-optimized systems. Overall, the results highlight the critical role of polarity-controlled organic interfaces in balancing colloidal stability and electronic accessibility. This work provides experimental insight into interface engineering of clustered AgNPs and offers a tunable platform for applications in electrochemical sensing and antibacterial coatings.</p>

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Polarity-modulated surface passivation governs interfacial charge transfer in electrochemically synthesized silver nanoparticle clusters from Camellia chrysantha extracts

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月26日

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  • Le Minh Hoang,
  • Hoa Thi Nguyen,
  • Hue Thi Nguyen,
  • Ngoc Huyen Nguyen,
  • Thi Viet Hoa Truong,
  • Tien Khi Nguyen,
  • Phi Hung Nguyen,
  • Thi Thuy Do,
  • Quang Huy Tran,
  • Dao Cuong To

摘要

Silver nanoparticle (AgNP) clusters were prepared by an electrochemical-biogenic route using Camellia chrysantha leaf extracts of different polarity as in situ surface-modulating agents. This study aims to investigate how extract polarity governs surface passivation and interfacial charge-transfer behavior in electrochemically synthesized AgNP clusters. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed crystalline, quasi-spherical AgNP clusters with sizes of approximately 18–25 nm. FT-IR and zeta-potential analyses revealed distinct binding modes and surface charge characteristics depending on extract polarity. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed a significant reduction in charge-transfer resistance (Rct) and enhanced interfacial capacitance in polarity-optimized systems. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) further demonstrated higher peak currents and improved redox reversibility. These electrochemical properties were reflected in antibacterial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) as low as 4.5 µg/mL against Escherichia coli and 7.1 µg/mL for polarity-optimized systems. Overall, the results highlight the critical role of polarity-controlled organic interfaces in balancing colloidal stability and electronic accessibility. This work provides experimental insight into interface engineering of clustered AgNPs and offers a tunable platform for applications in electrochemical sensing and antibacterial coatings.