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<p>This paper presents a low-frequency vibration energy harvester based on a magnetic spring and a rolling magnet, designed to harvest energy from human motion and low-frequency mechanical vibrations. A theoretical model is established and numerically analyzed to investigate the dynamic and output characteristics, enabling the optimization of the rolling magnet dimensions and structural parameters. A prototype is fabricated and experimentally characterized under different excitation frequencies and amplitudes. The results show that a maximum output is achieved at an amplitude of 20&#xa0;mm and a frequency of 6&#xa0;Hz, with an RMS voltage of 8.17&#xa0;V and an output power of 6.36 mW. In the frequency range of 3 ~ 6&#xa0;Hz, the voltage frequency amplification factor ranges from 6.13 to 9.33, with an average value of 8.15. Application tests demonstrate that the prototype can successfully harvest kinetic energy from human body movements to power a Xiaomi temperature and humidity sensor, and when mounted on a bicycle, it captures road-induced vibrations to illuminate a LED panel consisting of 26 lights. These results confirm the feasibility of the proposed harvester for powering low-power electronics.</p>

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A low-frequency energy harvester based on rolling motion with magnetic frequency up-conversion

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月22日

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  • Zhiyong Pang,
  • Zhigang Jia,
  • Xia Li,
  • Kean C. Aw,
  • Yufeng Su

摘要

This paper presents a low-frequency vibration energy harvester based on a magnetic spring and a rolling magnet, designed to harvest energy from human motion and low-frequency mechanical vibrations. A theoretical model is established and numerically analyzed to investigate the dynamic and output characteristics, enabling the optimization of the rolling magnet dimensions and structural parameters. A prototype is fabricated and experimentally characterized under different excitation frequencies and amplitudes. The results show that a maximum output is achieved at an amplitude of 20 mm and a frequency of 6 Hz, with an RMS voltage of 8.17 V and an output power of 6.36 mW. In the frequency range of 3 ~ 6 Hz, the voltage frequency amplification factor ranges from 6.13 to 9.33, with an average value of 8.15. Application tests demonstrate that the prototype can successfully harvest kinetic energy from human body movements to power a Xiaomi temperature and humidity sensor, and when mounted on a bicycle, it captures road-induced vibrations to illuminate a LED panel consisting of 26 lights. These results confirm the feasibility of the proposed harvester for powering low-power electronics.