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<p>This study investigates the impact of sintering temperature on the microstructural evolution and ionic mobility of Na<sub>2</sub>MgSiO<sub>4</sub> solid electrolytes synthesized via the sol–gel method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed that all samples crystallized in the expected orthorhombic symmetry within the <i>Pna2</i><sub><i>1</i></sub>​ space group. Systematic evaluation of structural parameters revealed that increasing the sintering temperature led to a progressive increase in lattice parameters, unit cell volume, and lattice strain. Conversely, a reduction in dislocation density was observed at higher temperatures, indicating improved crystallinity. The electrical performance was found to be highly dependent on thermal processing; specifically, the sample sintered at 900&#xa0;°C exhibited the highest total conductivity of 9.07 × 10<sup>−6</sup> S cm<sup>−1</sup> at 500&#xa0;°C. This enhancement is attributed to promoted densification and significant grain growth, which effectively reduced the resistive grain boundary area. Furthermore, the results indicate that the improvement in conductivity is not driven by changes in charge carrier concentration, but is instead a direct result of enhanced ionic mobility, which reached a maximum value of 9.65 × 10<sup>−11</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>V<sup>−1</sup>&#xa0;s<sup>−1</sup>. These findings highlight the critical role of sintering optimization in tailoring the microstructure and ion transport kinetics of sodium-based orthosilicate electrolytes.</p>

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Impact of sintering temperature on microstructural evolution and ionic mobility of Na2MgSiO4 solid electrolyte

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月13日

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  • Syed Bahari Ramadzan Syed Adnan,
  • Norazlin Zainal,
  • Woo Haw Jiunn,
  • Zul Hazrin Zainal Abidin,
  • Nurul Akmaliah Zulkarnain

摘要

This study investigates the impact of sintering temperature on the microstructural evolution and ionic mobility of Na2MgSiO4 solid electrolytes synthesized via the sol–gel method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed that all samples crystallized in the expected orthorhombic symmetry within the Pna21​ space group. Systematic evaluation of structural parameters revealed that increasing the sintering temperature led to a progressive increase in lattice parameters, unit cell volume, and lattice strain. Conversely, a reduction in dislocation density was observed at higher temperatures, indicating improved crystallinity. The electrical performance was found to be highly dependent on thermal processing; specifically, the sample sintered at 900 °C exhibited the highest total conductivity of 9.07 × 10−6 S cm−1 at 500 °C. This enhancement is attributed to promoted densification and significant grain growth, which effectively reduced the resistive grain boundary area. Furthermore, the results indicate that the improvement in conductivity is not driven by changes in charge carrier concentration, but is instead a direct result of enhanced ionic mobility, which reached a maximum value of 9.65 × 10−11 cm2V−1 s−1. These findings highlight the critical role of sintering optimization in tailoring the microstructure and ion transport kinetics of sodium-based orthosilicate electrolytes.