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<p>This study evaluates the potential of Co-doped ZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> spinel ferrite nanoparticles (Zn<sub>1−x</sub>Co<sub>x</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) synthesized via co-precipitation. The goal is to enhance degradation efficiency via this nanomaterial. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis has confirmed the formation of a cubic spinel structure. The crystallite size is found decreased with increasing Co content, indicating the successful substitution. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed the functional groups and molecular bond characteristics of the prepared samples. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis has revealed irregular grain morphology. The x = 0.5 sample showed the highest band gap (3.97&#xa0;eV) and biodegradability index (0.476), with superior COD (11.70%), BOD (10.20%), and TSS (55.95%) removals. These results demonstrate that Co-doped ZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles, particularly at x = 0.5 have a strong potential for tempeh wastewater remediation and environmental protection.</p>

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Cobalt-doped ZnFe2O4 synthesized by co-precipitation for tempeh wastewater treatment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月26日

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  • Muhammadin Hamid,
  • Noor Haida Mohd Kaus,
  • Nursal,
  • Mazidatulakmam Miskam,
  • Isnaeni Isnaeni,
  • Hadi Wijoyo,
  • Eva Purwanti,
  • Suresh Sagadevan

摘要

This study evaluates the potential of Co-doped ZnFe2O4 spinel ferrite nanoparticles (Zn1−xCoxFe2O4, x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) synthesized via co-precipitation. The goal is to enhance degradation efficiency via this nanomaterial. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis has confirmed the formation of a cubic spinel structure. The crystallite size is found decreased with increasing Co content, indicating the successful substitution. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed the functional groups and molecular bond characteristics of the prepared samples. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis has revealed irregular grain morphology. The x = 0.5 sample showed the highest band gap (3.97 eV) and biodegradability index (0.476), with superior COD (11.70%), BOD (10.20%), and TSS (55.95%) removals. These results demonstrate that Co-doped ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles, particularly at x = 0.5 have a strong potential for tempeh wastewater remediation and environmental protection.