Enhancing Cu₂O nanoparticle stability with curcumin: a promising photocathode material for dye-sensitised solar cells
摘要
Cuprous oxide (Cu2O) has emerged as a promising photocathode material for dye-sensitised solar cells (DSSCs) due to its favourable optoelectronic properties. However, its practical application is limited by its thermodynamic instability and tendency to oxidise to cupric oxide (CuO), which exhibits significantly lower hole mobility. To address this issue, this work explores a novel stabilisation approach using curcumin as a protective coating agent. Cu2O nanoparticles were synthesised via chemical precipitation and subsequently coated with curcumin to produce curcumin-coated Cu2O nanoparticles (C-Cu2O). The stability enhancement was evaluated through extended ageing studies: pristine Cu2O was monitored for over 150 days, while C-Cu2O samples were aged for more than 450 days. Structural characterisation was performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD). UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) was carried out for optical characterisation. Additionally, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and current-voltage (I-V) measurements were conducted. XRD analysis revealed remarkable phase stability in C-Cu2O throughout the ageing period, whereas pristine Cu2O exhibited phase transformation to CuO after 150 days. UV-DRS measurements confirmed the stable preservation of the bandgap, while TGA demonstrated improved oxidative resistance. XPS verified the safeguarding of Cu2O chemical states in C-Cu2O, and I-V studies confirmed ohmic behaviour essential for efficient charge transport. These findings establish C-Cu2O as a stable photocathode material for DSSCs.