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<p>This study explored the effects of ZnO addition (2%, 5%, and 10% by weight) on the microstructural and electrical characteristics of BaBi₄Ti₄O₁₅ (BBT) ceramic composites, synthesized by solid-state reaction and investigated in the radio frequency (RF) region. Structural characterization by X-ray diffraction with Rietveld refinement confirmed the formation of the secondary Zn₂TiO₄ phase in the composites, further corroborated by Raman spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed microstructures with lamellar grains and reduced porosity compared to pristine BBT, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed the homogeneous elemental distribution. Impedance spectroscopy (IS) demonstrated a significant increase in relative dielectric permittivity (ε’r) at low frequencies, reaching maximum values for BBT with 2% ZnO (ε’r ≈ 2406 at 10&#xa0;Hz), associated with the Maxwell–Wagner polarization mechanism. The AC conductivity (σAC) followed Jonscher’s law, indicating a conduction mechanism based on translational hopping. Nyquist plots exhibited asymmetric semicircles, characteristic of non-Debye relaxation, with distinct responses for grains and grain boundaries.</p>

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Structural and impedance characterization of BaBi₄Ti₄O₁₅ (BBT)–ZnO composites under temperature variation

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月10日

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  • P. M. O. Silva,
  • R. F. Abreu,
  • J. F. Justo,
  • S. C. Santos,
  • D. B. de Freitas,
  • A. J. M. Sales,
  • F. F. do Carmo,
  • J. P. C. do Nascimento,
  • P. T. C. Freire,
  • R. R. Pezarini,
  • R. de Lacerda,
  • A. S. B. Sombra

摘要

This study explored the effects of ZnO addition (2%, 5%, and 10% by weight) on the microstructural and electrical characteristics of BaBi₄Ti₄O₁₅ (BBT) ceramic composites, synthesized by solid-state reaction and investigated in the radio frequency (RF) region. Structural characterization by X-ray diffraction with Rietveld refinement confirmed the formation of the secondary Zn₂TiO₄ phase in the composites, further corroborated by Raman spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed microstructures with lamellar grains and reduced porosity compared to pristine BBT, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed the homogeneous elemental distribution. Impedance spectroscopy (IS) demonstrated a significant increase in relative dielectric permittivity (ε’r) at low frequencies, reaching maximum values for BBT with 2% ZnO (ε’r ≈ 2406 at 10 Hz), associated with the Maxwell–Wagner polarization mechanism. The AC conductivity (σAC) followed Jonscher’s law, indicating a conduction mechanism based on translational hopping. Nyquist plots exhibited asymmetric semicircles, characteristic of non-Debye relaxation, with distinct responses for grains and grain boundaries.