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<p>An 88wt%(0.7ZnAl₂O₄–0.3TiO₂)–12wt%MgTiO₃ nanoceramic composite was synthesized via a sol–gel route and systematically investigated for microstrip patch antenna applications in the S-band. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the coexistence of anatase and rutile phases of TiO₂, along with wurtzite ZnAl₂O₄ and MgTi₂O₅, indicating successful phase formation and composite integration. Raman spectroscopy further validated the structural features through the detection of characteristic vibrational modes of ZnO at 346&#xa0;cm⁻¹ and TiO₂ at 717&#xa0;cm⁻¹. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) revealed agglomerated nanoscale grains with an average size of 21.71&#xa0;nm, while energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed the presence of Zn, Al, Ti, and Mg with characteristic peaks at approximately 1&#xa0;eV, 1.5&#xa0;eV, 0.5&#xa0;eV, and 1.25&#xa0;eV, respectively. The composite exhibited frequency-dependent AC conductivity and a dielectric permittivity ranging from 13.5 to 15.5, accompanied by a low dielectric loss (0.25–0.15) in the temperature range of 30–150&#xa0;°C. A microstrip patch antenna fabricated using the optimized ceramic demonstrated favorable electromagnetic performance, yielding a measured return loss of − 20.51 dB and a simulated value of − 12.53 dB, with corresponding impedance bandwidths of 1.36&#xa0;GHz and 2.02&#xa0;GHz. The resonant frequencies were observed at 3.25&#xa0;GHz (measured) and 3.30&#xa0;GHz (simulated). Overall, the synthesized nanoceramic composite exhibits excellent dielectric and antenna characteristics, confirming its suitability for stable and high-performance microwave device applications.</p>

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Zinc aluminate nanoceramics doped with titanium and magnesium for improved S-Band antenna applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月13日

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  • Srilali Siragam,
  • B V Ramana,
  • Valluri Dhana Raj,
  • Ch D Umasankar

摘要

An 88wt%(0.7ZnAl₂O₄–0.3TiO₂)–12wt%MgTiO₃ nanoceramic composite was synthesized via a sol–gel route and systematically investigated for microstrip patch antenna applications in the S-band. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the coexistence of anatase and rutile phases of TiO₂, along with wurtzite ZnAl₂O₄ and MgTi₂O₅, indicating successful phase formation and composite integration. Raman spectroscopy further validated the structural features through the detection of characteristic vibrational modes of ZnO at 346 cm⁻¹ and TiO₂ at 717 cm⁻¹. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) revealed agglomerated nanoscale grains with an average size of 21.71 nm, while energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed the presence of Zn, Al, Ti, and Mg with characteristic peaks at approximately 1 eV, 1.5 eV, 0.5 eV, and 1.25 eV, respectively. The composite exhibited frequency-dependent AC conductivity and a dielectric permittivity ranging from 13.5 to 15.5, accompanied by a low dielectric loss (0.25–0.15) in the temperature range of 30–150 °C. A microstrip patch antenna fabricated using the optimized ceramic demonstrated favorable electromagnetic performance, yielding a measured return loss of − 20.51 dB and a simulated value of − 12.53 dB, with corresponding impedance bandwidths of 1.36 GHz and 2.02 GHz. The resonant frequencies were observed at 3.25 GHz (measured) and 3.30 GHz (simulated). Overall, the synthesized nanoceramic composite exhibits excellent dielectric and antenna characteristics, confirming its suitability for stable and high-performance microwave device applications.