Detection and quantification of Arsenic in water using voltage-assisted CBD grown ZnO Nanorods
摘要
Rapid industrialization often leads to the discharge of toxic heavy metal ions (HMI), e.g., As(III), into consumable water, posing a great threat to mankind, causing chronic diseases. Hence, continuous monitoring of As(III) is of utmost importance. In this study, a hydrophobic Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorod-based resistive device for the selective detection of As(III) ions in water has been developed. The nanorods are fabricated via a simple, cost-effective, environmentally friendly, voltage-assisted chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique to achieve excellent hydrophobicity with contact angles of 94° to 150°. The device showed excellent humidity-resistant As(III) sensing performance at room temperature with a maximum response of 94.29% for 1 ppm of As(III) and ultra-fast response (tr) and recovery time (ts) of 2.35 s and 1.17 s, respectively. The sensor demonstrated excellent specificity towards As(III) ions in comparison to equal concentrations of other common HMIs (e.g., Ni(II), Cd(II), Pb(II), etc.). It was also found to be highly repeatable when tested for 56 days with a maximum error in response of ± 1.4% for 1 ppm As(III) ion, and hence, was highly reusable. In order to explain the humidity-insensitive, ultra-high sensing performance, a hydrophobicity-assisted adsorption-based model was put forward. Thus, the sensor was one of the first of its kind to selectively detect As(III) ions in aqueous medium without being significantly poisoned by it, thereby paving an alternative way as an efficient reusable As(III) sensor in comparison to its one-time use colorimetric counterparts.