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<p>Bone tissue engineering seeks viable alternatives to autografts and allografts. This study develops a multifunctional electrospun scaffold by synergistically combining polycaprolactone (PCL) with halloysite nanoclay (HNC) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂) to enhance bone regeneration. A HNC/TiO₂ nanohybrid was first synthesized via solvothermal deposition and then incorporated into PCL fibers through an electrospinning process. Material characterization using SEM, TEM, XRD, and FTIR confirmed the successful decoration of HNC nanotubes with anatase TiO₂ nanoparticles and the uniform integration of these nanoparticles within the PCL fibers. The composite scaffolds demonstrated improved mechanical extensibility. The biological performance of the PCL/HNC/TiO₂ scaffolds was evaluated using adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs), showing that the scaffolds significantly enhanced cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation compared to plain PCL. This was evidenced by markedly higher alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, increased calcium mineralization, and the upregulation of key osteogenic genes (Osteocalcin, Osteonectin, ColA1, ALP). In conclusion, the developed PCL/HNC/TiO₂ scaffold offers an up-and-coming platform for bone tissue engineering, combining enhanced mechanical properties, superior osteoinductivity, and potential antibacterial activity for treating challenging bone defects.</p>

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Electrospun polycaprolactone/halloysite nanoclay scaffolds decorated with TiO₂ nanoparticles for enhanced osteogenesis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月2日

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  • Tara Fooladi,
  • Elaheh Esmaeili,
  • Iman Rad

摘要

Bone tissue engineering seeks viable alternatives to autografts and allografts. This study develops a multifunctional electrospun scaffold by synergistically combining polycaprolactone (PCL) with halloysite nanoclay (HNC) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂) to enhance bone regeneration. A HNC/TiO₂ nanohybrid was first synthesized via solvothermal deposition and then incorporated into PCL fibers through an electrospinning process. Material characterization using SEM, TEM, XRD, and FTIR confirmed the successful decoration of HNC nanotubes with anatase TiO₂ nanoparticles and the uniform integration of these nanoparticles within the PCL fibers. The composite scaffolds demonstrated improved mechanical extensibility. The biological performance of the PCL/HNC/TiO₂ scaffolds was evaluated using adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs), showing that the scaffolds significantly enhanced cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation compared to plain PCL. This was evidenced by markedly higher alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, increased calcium mineralization, and the upregulation of key osteogenic genes (Osteocalcin, Osteonectin, ColA1, ALP). In conclusion, the developed PCL/HNC/TiO₂ scaffold offers an up-and-coming platform for bone tissue engineering, combining enhanced mechanical properties, superior osteoinductivity, and potential antibacterial activity for treating challenging bone defects.