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<p>In this study, we synthesized AFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (A = Co, Ni, Fe, Mn) ferrites using the hydrothermal technique with urea, glycine and ammonium chloride as the fuel agents. The hydrothermal synthesis took place in an autoclave for 6&#xa0;h at 190&#xa0;°C. For characterization, the resulting pellets were calcined for 2&#xa0;h at 600&#xa0;°C and sintered for 1&#xa0;h at 400&#xa0;°C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that all samples had a face centered cubic (fcc) structure. The samples were investigated for surface morphology using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) which showed that morphology and grain size are affected by A-site substitution. Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy verified the elemental configuration and closely agreed with the expected empirical formula. The dielectric characteristics were studied using a precision impedance tester, where we scanned the impedance, tangent loss, AC conductivity, dielectric constant and their variations with frequency. The vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) was used for measuring the magnetic parameter, we determined that the hysteresis loops were indicative of the formation of ferrimagnetic nanoparticles. We concluded that the A-site substitution had a noticeable influence on the structural, dielectric and magnetic parameters of the AFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> ferrites.</p>

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Effect of a site substituents in AFe2O4 (A = Co, Ni, Fe, Mn) on structural, dielectric and magnetic properties

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月19日

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  • Muhammad Hamza Maqbool,
  • Ali Raza,
  • Muhammad Aleem,
  • Shehzad Haider

摘要

In this study, we synthesized AFe2O4 (A = Co, Ni, Fe, Mn) ferrites using the hydrothermal technique with urea, glycine and ammonium chloride as the fuel agents. The hydrothermal synthesis took place in an autoclave for 6 h at 190 °C. For characterization, the resulting pellets were calcined for 2 h at 600 °C and sintered for 1 h at 400 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that all samples had a face centered cubic (fcc) structure. The samples were investigated for surface morphology using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) which showed that morphology and grain size are affected by A-site substitution. Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy verified the elemental configuration and closely agreed with the expected empirical formula. The dielectric characteristics were studied using a precision impedance tester, where we scanned the impedance, tangent loss, AC conductivity, dielectric constant and their variations with frequency. The vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) was used for measuring the magnetic parameter, we determined that the hysteresis loops were indicative of the formation of ferrimagnetic nanoparticles. We concluded that the A-site substitution had a noticeable influence on the structural, dielectric and magnetic parameters of the AFe2O4 ferrites.