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<p>In this study, Ni₁₋ₓCuₓFe₂O₄ (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4) ferrites were synthesized by the conventional solid-state reaction method, sintered at 1100&#xa0;°C for 10&#xa0;h, and examined for their structural, magnetic, optical, and electrical properties. XRD confirmed the formation of a single-phase spinel structure, while SEM revealed grain morphology and porosity. FTIR spectra showed characteristic tetrahedral and octahedral vibrational bands, aiding in the evaluation of elastic properties. The optical band gap was determined from UV–Vis spectroscopy. VSM measurements indicated a decrease in saturation magnetization with increasing Cu content. AC conductivity exhibited normal dispersion behaviour, with small polaron hopping governing charge transport at higher frequencies, whereas DC conductivity increased with temperature, confirming semiconducting behaviour. A reduction in Curie temperature and activation energy with Cu substitution was observed. These findings provide insight into tuning the magnetic and semiconducting properties of Ni–Cu ferrites for potential device applications. The systematic analysis highlights how Cu substitution influences cation distribution, magnetic ordering, band gap tuning, and conduction mechanisms, thereby providing new insights into tailoring Ni–Cu ferrites for multifunctional device applications such as magnetic sensors and spintronic components. A comprehensive understanding is crucial for designing ferrites with tunable magnetic and semiconducting behavior, which is less explored in existing literature for this composition range.</p>

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Systematic investigation on synthesis, characterization, electrical, magnetic and optical properties of Ni1 − xCuxFe2O4 spinel ferrites

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月25日

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  • Geeta N. Chavan,
  • Pradeep Chavan,
  • P. B. Belavi,
  • Bindu,
  • Shivshankar,
  • Somshekar,
  • L. R. Naik

摘要

In this study, Ni₁₋ₓCuₓFe₂O₄ (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4) ferrites were synthesized by the conventional solid-state reaction method, sintered at 1100 °C for 10 h, and examined for their structural, magnetic, optical, and electrical properties. XRD confirmed the formation of a single-phase spinel structure, while SEM revealed grain morphology and porosity. FTIR spectra showed characteristic tetrahedral and octahedral vibrational bands, aiding in the evaluation of elastic properties. The optical band gap was determined from UV–Vis spectroscopy. VSM measurements indicated a decrease in saturation magnetization with increasing Cu content. AC conductivity exhibited normal dispersion behaviour, with small polaron hopping governing charge transport at higher frequencies, whereas DC conductivity increased with temperature, confirming semiconducting behaviour. A reduction in Curie temperature and activation energy with Cu substitution was observed. These findings provide insight into tuning the magnetic and semiconducting properties of Ni–Cu ferrites for potential device applications. The systematic analysis highlights how Cu substitution influences cation distribution, magnetic ordering, band gap tuning, and conduction mechanisms, thereby providing new insights into tailoring Ni–Cu ferrites for multifunctional device applications such as magnetic sensors and spintronic components. A comprehensive understanding is crucial for designing ferrites with tunable magnetic and semiconducting behavior, which is less explored in existing literature for this composition range.