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<p>This work presents a comprehensive investigation on the development of a low-temperature methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) gas sensor based on multilayered SnO<sub>2</sub> thin films synthesized via the sol–gel spin coating technique. The films were systematically deposited in multiple layers and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A consistent enhancement in gas sensitivity was observed with increased film thickness, attributed to improved surface morphology and crystallinity. To further augment sensing performance, the SnO<sub>2</sub> films were surface-doped with catalytic elements—Al, Cu, Mn, and Pd—in varying concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 1.0 wt%. The films were exposed to different concentrations of CH<sub>4</sub> gas (275–1500&#xa0;ppm) and tested at room temperature (300–313&#xa0;K). Among the doped samples, Pd/SnO<sub>2</sub> films demonstrated the highest sensitivity and fastest response, exhibiting a response time of less than one minute. Cu-doped samples also showed appreciable sensing behavior, while Mn-doped films displayed minimal response. The findings suggest that 0.5 wt% Pd-doped SnO<sub>2</sub> thin films with a thickness of ~ 1.7&#xa0;µm provide a highly responsive and stable sensing platform for CH<sub>4</sub> detection at room temperature, offering a promising solution for energy-efficient and low-cost gas sensor applications.</p>

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Room-temperature methane sensing using Pd-doped SnO2 thin films synthesized via the sol–gel method

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月5日

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  • Nanda Shakti,
  • Sandipan Ray,
  • Abhijit Prasad

摘要

This work presents a comprehensive investigation on the development of a low-temperature methane (CH4) gas sensor based on multilayered SnO2 thin films synthesized via the sol–gel spin coating technique. The films were systematically deposited in multiple layers and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A consistent enhancement in gas sensitivity was observed with increased film thickness, attributed to improved surface morphology and crystallinity. To further augment sensing performance, the SnO2 films were surface-doped with catalytic elements—Al, Cu, Mn, and Pd—in varying concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 1.0 wt%. The films were exposed to different concentrations of CH4 gas (275–1500 ppm) and tested at room temperature (300–313 K). Among the doped samples, Pd/SnO2 films demonstrated the highest sensitivity and fastest response, exhibiting a response time of less than one minute. Cu-doped samples also showed appreciable sensing behavior, while Mn-doped films displayed minimal response. The findings suggest that 0.5 wt% Pd-doped SnO2 thin films with a thickness of ~ 1.7 µm provide a highly responsive and stable sensing platform for CH4 detection at room temperature, offering a promising solution for energy-efficient and low-cost gas sensor applications.