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<p>In this study, zinc oxide (ZnO), iron (III) oxide (Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) and ZnO/Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/ZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanocomposite (NC) are synthesized through environmentally sustainable methods, emphasizing the enhancement of their structural, optical, and photocatalytic properties. ZnO and Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> were synthesized via a wet-chemical and green synthesis approach, while a novel green synthesis method was developed for ZnO/Fe₂O₃/ZnFe₂O₄ nanocomposites, in which cinnamon extract served as a natural reducing agent. SEM and TEM revealed distinct surface features for ZnO and Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3,</sub> while the NC showed a uniform distribution and agglomeration of particles. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) indicated crystallite sizes of 25&#xa0;nm for ZnO, 48&#xa0;nm for Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, and 23&#xa0;nm for the NC. The elemental composition of each sample was verified using EDS. UV-visible absorption studies revealed that ZnO and Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> possess band gaps of 3.2&#xa0;eV and 1.9&#xa0;eV respectively, while the nanocomposite exhibited a reduced band gap of 2.4&#xa0;eV. This reduction in band gap for the NC resulted in (~ 38%) enhanced photocatalytic activity compared to ZnO and &gt; 21% as compared with Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. In-depth material and electrochemical analysis is presented to discuss the resultant NC and its effectual physicochemical characteristics.</p>

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Cinnamon extract incorporated green synthesis of ZnO/Fe2O3 evolving ZnFe2O4 for photo- and electro-chemical utility in catalytic applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月5日

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  • Shan E. Zahra,
  • Sadia Gillani,
  • Mohamed Abbas,
  • Shaeen Kalathil,
  • Azath Mubarakali,
  • Syed Imran Abbas,
  • Ali Hussain,
  • Muhammad Abdul Basit

摘要

In this study, zinc oxide (ZnO), iron (III) oxide (Fe2O3) and ZnO/Fe2O3/ZnFe2O4 nanocomposite (NC) are synthesized through environmentally sustainable methods, emphasizing the enhancement of their structural, optical, and photocatalytic properties. ZnO and Fe2O3 were synthesized via a wet-chemical and green synthesis approach, while a novel green synthesis method was developed for ZnO/Fe₂O₃/ZnFe₂O₄ nanocomposites, in which cinnamon extract served as a natural reducing agent. SEM and TEM revealed distinct surface features for ZnO and Fe2O3, while the NC showed a uniform distribution and agglomeration of particles. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) indicated crystallite sizes of 25 nm for ZnO, 48 nm for Fe2O3, and 23 nm for the NC. The elemental composition of each sample was verified using EDS. UV-visible absorption studies revealed that ZnO and Fe2O3 possess band gaps of 3.2 eV and 1.9 eV respectively, while the nanocomposite exhibited a reduced band gap of 2.4 eV. This reduction in band gap for the NC resulted in (~ 38%) enhanced photocatalytic activity compared to ZnO and > 21% as compared with Fe2O3. In-depth material and electrochemical analysis is presented to discuss the resultant NC and its effectual physicochemical characteristics.