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<p>In the present study, copper (Cu)-doped zinc sulfide (ZnS)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanocomposite thin films were fabricated on flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates via a low-temperature thermolysis process (100–130&#xa0;°C), followed by Cu incorporation through a solid–liquid interfacial reaction. Structural, vibrational, morphological, optical, and electrical properties were comprehensively characterized using XRD, EDS, FTIR, SEM, UV–Vis spectroscopy, AFM, I-V characteristics and CR measurements. The study examines the impact of Cu doping and Zn: S stoichiometry on film performance. HRTEM images revealed nanocrystalline domains with lattice fringes corresponding to ZnS particles in the 6–10&#xa0;nm range, while UV–Vis analysis indicated particle sizes from ~ 4.6&#xa0;nm to ~ 14.6&#xa0;nm depending on composition. XRD studies confirmed polycrystalline cubic ZnS with crystallite sizes between 8.88 and 9.30&#xa0;nm. FTIR, EDS, and XPS analyses validated successful Cu incorporation, which correlated with a marked reduction in sheet resistance from 1 kΩ (S1) to 250 Ω (S3) and a narrowing of the optical bandgap from 3.78&#xa0;eV to 3.65&#xa0;eV. The films retained high optical transmittance (~ 64–84%) and demonstrated robust flexibility under bending angles ranging from 0°to180°. Capacitance measurements of a flexible sandwich-structured capacitor (Cu-ZnS-PVA/PET/Cu-ZnS-PVA) showed frequency-dependent behavior, with Cp (parallel capacitance) decreasing from 1.126 nF to 1.065 nF and Cs (series capacitance) reducing from 1.443 nF to 1.065 nF over the 40&#xa0;Hz to 5&#xa0;kHz range. These findings offer valuable insights into the suitability of compositionally optimized Cu-doped ZnS/PVA films for flexible optoelectronic applications, including transparent capacitors, flexible displays, and photovoltaic devices.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Cu-doped ZnS/PVA thin films on PET: enhancing electrical, optical, and mechanical properties for flexible electronic applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月22日

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  • Priyanuj Kalita,
  • Madhuryya Deka,
  • Monmoyuri Baruah,
  • Dulen Saikia

摘要

In the present study, copper (Cu)-doped zinc sulfide (ZnS)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanocomposite thin films were fabricated on flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates via a low-temperature thermolysis process (100–130 °C), followed by Cu incorporation through a solid–liquid interfacial reaction. Structural, vibrational, morphological, optical, and electrical properties were comprehensively characterized using XRD, EDS, FTIR, SEM, UV–Vis spectroscopy, AFM, I-V characteristics and CR measurements. The study examines the impact of Cu doping and Zn: S stoichiometry on film performance. HRTEM images revealed nanocrystalline domains with lattice fringes corresponding to ZnS particles in the 6–10 nm range, while UV–Vis analysis indicated particle sizes from ~ 4.6 nm to ~ 14.6 nm depending on composition. XRD studies confirmed polycrystalline cubic ZnS with crystallite sizes between 8.88 and 9.30 nm. FTIR, EDS, and XPS analyses validated successful Cu incorporation, which correlated with a marked reduction in sheet resistance from 1 kΩ (S1) to 250 Ω (S3) and a narrowing of the optical bandgap from 3.78 eV to 3.65 eV. The films retained high optical transmittance (~ 64–84%) and demonstrated robust flexibility under bending angles ranging from 0°to180°. Capacitance measurements of a flexible sandwich-structured capacitor (Cu-ZnS-PVA/PET/Cu-ZnS-PVA) showed frequency-dependent behavior, with Cp (parallel capacitance) decreasing from 1.126 nF to 1.065 nF and Cs (series capacitance) reducing from 1.443 nF to 1.065 nF over the 40 Hz to 5 kHz range. These findings offer valuable insights into the suitability of compositionally optimized Cu-doped ZnS/PVA films for flexible optoelectronic applications, including transparent capacitors, flexible displays, and photovoltaic devices.

Graphical Abstract