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<p>This study examined magnesium borotellurite glass systems added with neodymium oxide and titanium especially the elastic, structural, and physical properties. A sequence of neodymium and titanium added magnesium borotellurite glass was produced and expressed using a formula that displays the proportion of each component as following (56-<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:y\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>)TeO<sub>2</sub>–30B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–10MgO–4Nd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–<i>y</i>TiO<sub>2</sub>, with y = 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4&#xa0;mol%. The density of the Ti-added MBTNd glass was decreased from 4.16&#xa0;g/cm<sup>3</sup> to 4.14&#xa0;g/cm<sup>3</sup> by adding titanium. Besides, molar volume decreased from 30.54 cm<sup>3</sup>/mol to 29.92 cm<sup>3</sup>/mol. XRD analysis prove the amorphous state of glasses. The Urbach energy has decreases because of the titanium ion implantation with the highest value of 0.339&#xa0;eV for the MBTNdTi-4 glass sample. The indirect and direct band gap energies showed a downward trend with increasing TiO₂ content, attaining their minimum values at 2.498&#xa0;eV for the MBTNdTi-4 glass (indirect transition) and 3.324&#xa0;eV for the MBTNdTi-3 glass (direct transition). The MBTNdTi-2 glass sample exhibited the strongest PL emission, indicating that this composition provides the optimal TiO₂ concentration for maximizing luminescence efficiency.</p>

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Role of TiO2 to the structural and optical properties of 56TeO2–30B2O3–10MgO–4Nd2O3 glass system

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月6日

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  • Mohammad Ayman Abuallan,
  • Mohd Hafiz Mohd Zaid,
  • Khamirul Amin Matori,
  • Yazid Yaakob,
  • Ali Jabbar Abed Al-Nidawi,
  • Abdelkader Mohammed Efa

摘要

This study examined magnesium borotellurite glass systems added with neodymium oxide and titanium especially the elastic, structural, and physical properties. A sequence of neodymium and titanium added magnesium borotellurite glass was produced and expressed using a formula that displays the proportion of each component as following (56- \(\:y\) )TeO2–30B2O3–10MgO–4Nd2O3–yTiO2, with y = 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 mol%. The density of the Ti-added MBTNd glass was decreased from 4.16 g/cm3 to 4.14 g/cm3 by adding titanium. Besides, molar volume decreased from 30.54 cm3/mol to 29.92 cm3/mol. XRD analysis prove the amorphous state of glasses. The Urbach energy has decreases because of the titanium ion implantation with the highest value of 0.339 eV for the MBTNdTi-4 glass sample. The indirect and direct band gap energies showed a downward trend with increasing TiO₂ content, attaining their minimum values at 2.498 eV for the MBTNdTi-4 glass (indirect transition) and 3.324 eV for the MBTNdTi-3 glass (direct transition). The MBTNdTi-2 glass sample exhibited the strongest PL emission, indicating that this composition provides the optimal TiO₂ concentration for maximizing luminescence efficiency.