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<p>The cobalt-doped nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles with composition Co<sub>x</sub>Ni<sub>1−x</sub>O (x = 0.00, 0.04, 0.08, And 0.12), were engineered for superior UV-light-assisted photocatalysts for rapid degradation of hazardous industrial dyes- rhodamine B (RhB) and crystal violet (CV), targeting potential environmental remediation. XRD analysis confirmed high crystallinity and preservation of the NiO crystal structure, while FESEM morphological studies revealed systematic particle size reduction from ~ 267 to 61&#xa0;nm upon cobalt incorporation. Optical studies indicated pronounced band gap narrowing with increasing cobalt content, with 12&#xa0;mol% Co-doped NiO exhibiting the minimum band gap (~ 2.88&#xa0;eV). This nanoparticle delivered exceptional photocatalytic activity under UV irradiation, achieving 95.2% degradation of RhB within 2&#xa0;h And 98.4% degradation of CV within just 1&#xa0;h, following Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics. Radical scavenging experiments identified hydroxyl radicals (•OH) as the dominant reactive species, while LC-MS analysis confirmed complete dye mineralization into lower molecular mass fragments. Furthermore, the photocatalyst demonstrated excellent reusability, retaining high activity over five consecutive cycles, and post-degradation XRD patterns confirmed structural integrity and the absence of harmful residues. These findings demonstrate the potential of cobalt-doped NiO nanoparticles as efficient, reusable, and environmentally friendly photocatalysts for toxic, carcinogenic, and non-biodegradable dye removal from wastewater.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Cobalt-doped NiO nanoparticles for efficient degradation of RhB and CV dyes: Insights into mechanism, kinetics, and reusability

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月18日

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  • Krishnendu Ghorui,
  • Indrajit Raha,
  • Bidisha Mandal,
  • Abhijit Bar,
  • Ratan Sarkar,
  • Bharati Tudu

摘要

The cobalt-doped nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles with composition CoxNi1−xO (x = 0.00, 0.04, 0.08, And 0.12), were engineered for superior UV-light-assisted photocatalysts for rapid degradation of hazardous industrial dyes- rhodamine B (RhB) and crystal violet (CV), targeting potential environmental remediation. XRD analysis confirmed high crystallinity and preservation of the NiO crystal structure, while FESEM morphological studies revealed systematic particle size reduction from ~ 267 to 61 nm upon cobalt incorporation. Optical studies indicated pronounced band gap narrowing with increasing cobalt content, with 12 mol% Co-doped NiO exhibiting the minimum band gap (~ 2.88 eV). This nanoparticle delivered exceptional photocatalytic activity under UV irradiation, achieving 95.2% degradation of RhB within 2 h And 98.4% degradation of CV within just 1 h, following Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics. Radical scavenging experiments identified hydroxyl radicals (•OH) as the dominant reactive species, while LC-MS analysis confirmed complete dye mineralization into lower molecular mass fragments. Furthermore, the photocatalyst demonstrated excellent reusability, retaining high activity over five consecutive cycles, and post-degradation XRD patterns confirmed structural integrity and the absence of harmful residues. These findings demonstrate the potential of cobalt-doped NiO nanoparticles as efficient, reusable, and environmentally friendly photocatalysts for toxic, carcinogenic, and non-biodegradable dye removal from wastewater.

Graphical abstract