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<p>This study investigates the performance enhancement of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based solar cells through the integration of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles. We systematically evaluated the effects of TiO₂ concentrations (0.01&#xa0;g, 0.05&#xa0;g, and 0.1&#xa0;g) on the optical, electrical, and thermal properties of PVA films. UV-Vis spectroscopy revealed that TiO₂/PVA nanocomposites significantly enhanced light absorption in the ultraviolet range, with peak absorption at 361&#xa0;nm for 0.1&#xa0;g TiO₂. The bandgap exhibited a concentration-dependent reduction from 5.0&#xa0;eV (pure PVA) to 2.7&#xa0;eV (0.01&#xa0;g), 2.2&#xa0;eV (0.05&#xa0;g), and 2.0&#xa0;eV (0.1&#xa0;g), indicating improved photon harvesting efficiency. The nanocomposites functioned as dual-purpose UV filters and anti-reflective layers, boosting photovoltaic performance. Solar cells coated with 0.1&#xa0;g TiO₂/PVA achieved a peak power output of 150 mW at 44&#xa0;°C—a 30% increase over uncoated cells and a 25% improvement compared to prior work (e.g., 115 mW in Chen et al., 2017). This enhancement stems from two synergistic mechanisms: (1) optimized nanoparticle dispersion, which reduced surface reflectance by 45% (± 2%, <i>n</i> = 5), and (2) enhanced thermal stability, maintaining 95% efficiency after 100&#xa0;h at 60&#xa0;°C (vs. 80% in Zhang et al., 2021). These findings demonstrate that TiO₂/PVA nanocomposites are a promising route to high-performance, thermally stable solar cells. The identified concentration-dependent effects provide actionable guidelines for optimizing nanocomposite formulations in photovoltaics, addressing a critical gap in scalable, sustainable energy materials.</p>

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Advancements in silicon solar cells: efficiency enhancements and performance optimization

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月25日

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  • Nabeel A. Kadhim,
  • Malek B. Harouni,
  • Dhafer M. Hachim,
  • Basim Almayahi,
  • Asaad H. Ismail,
  • Simona Mancini

摘要

This study investigates the performance enhancement of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based solar cells through the integration of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles. We systematically evaluated the effects of TiO₂ concentrations (0.01 g, 0.05 g, and 0.1 g) on the optical, electrical, and thermal properties of PVA films. UV-Vis spectroscopy revealed that TiO₂/PVA nanocomposites significantly enhanced light absorption in the ultraviolet range, with peak absorption at 361 nm for 0.1 g TiO₂. The bandgap exhibited a concentration-dependent reduction from 5.0 eV (pure PVA) to 2.7 eV (0.01 g), 2.2 eV (0.05 g), and 2.0 eV (0.1 g), indicating improved photon harvesting efficiency. The nanocomposites functioned as dual-purpose UV filters and anti-reflective layers, boosting photovoltaic performance. Solar cells coated with 0.1 g TiO₂/PVA achieved a peak power output of 150 mW at 44 °C—a 30% increase over uncoated cells and a 25% improvement compared to prior work (e.g., 115 mW in Chen et al., 2017). This enhancement stems from two synergistic mechanisms: (1) optimized nanoparticle dispersion, which reduced surface reflectance by 45% (± 2%, n = 5), and (2) enhanced thermal stability, maintaining 95% efficiency after 100 h at 60 °C (vs. 80% in Zhang et al., 2021). These findings demonstrate that TiO₂/PVA nanocomposites are a promising route to high-performance, thermally stable solar cells. The identified concentration-dependent effects provide actionable guidelines for optimizing nanocomposite formulations in photovoltaics, addressing a critical gap in scalable, sustainable energy materials.