<p>This study proposes the integration of energy harvesting technology into wireless sensors to provide a sustainable power solution for the structural health monitoring of rotating components, such as aircraft engines. This approach is anticipated to significantly reduce operational and maintenance costs while enhancing continuous airworthiness and operational safety. In this paper, a novel magnetostrictive-based rotational kinetic energy harvester is introduced, and the key parameters influencing its resonant characteristics are systematically analyzed. To gain deeper insight into the system’s dynamic behavior, a rotational dynamic model incorporating centrifugal effects—including both centrifugal stiffening and softening—is developed. Numerical simulations are performed to evaluate the influence of mounting method, mounting radius, tip mass, and cantilever beam length on the equivalent stiffness and resonant frequency of the system. The results indicate that centrifugal effects substantially modulate the equivalent stiffness of the cantilever beam, thereby significantly affecting the system’s resonant frequency. Furthermore, the system demonstrates high sensitivity to structural parameters (e.g., mounting radius, tip mass, and beam length). By optimizing these parameters, the resonant frequency can be precisely matched to the rotational excitation frequency, enabling large-amplitude oscillations of the cantilever beam at resonance and greatly enhancing energy harvesting efficiency. Experimental results show strong agreement with theoretical predictions, thereby validating the accuracy and practical applicability of the proposed model. In conclusion, this study presents a promising strategy for addressing the challenge of long-term autonomous power supply in the monitoring of rotating components.</p>