<p>Glasses with a chemical formula of 5TeO<sub>2</sub>–10GeO<sub>2</sub>-78B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>– (<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="339_2025_8258_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="42" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:7-x\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>)MgO–<InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="339_2025_8258_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:x\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>Tm<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, where <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="339_2025_8258_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:x\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> =(<InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="339_2025_8258_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="93" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:0\le\:x\le\:1.5\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) mol%, have been prepared by utilizing the melt quenching procedure. The calculated oxygen molar volume (<InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="339_2025_8258_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="18" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:{V}_{o}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) and packing density of oxygen (OPD) are observed to differ from (7.803 to 7.097 cm<sup>3</sup>/mol) and from (128.16 to 140.906 atom/cm<sup>3</sup>) respectively. As the increase of Tm<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, longitudinal velocity <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="339_2025_8258_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="21" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:{V}_{L\:}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>increment from 4525 to 4842&#xa0;m/s, while transverse velocity <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="339_2025_8258_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="20" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:{V}_{T\:}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> raised from 2635 to 2793&#xa0;m/s. The elastic constant increases with increasing (<InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="339_2025_8258_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="12" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:\rho\:\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) or <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="339_2025_8258_Article_IEq9.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="21" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:{V}_{L\:}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>&amp;<InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="339_2025_8258_Article_IEq10.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="20" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:{V}_{T\:}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. This makes the glasses more compact. The Makishima-Mackenzie mode is effective for the investigated glasses, and it provides a good agreement between experimental calculations and the model’s predictions. The radiation shielding parameters were included in the current investigation like linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), mean free path (MFP), half-value layer (HVL), and fast removal neutron cross-sections (FRNCS). These parameters were enhanced by increasing the concentration of thulium ions in the fabricated glasses. Especially, the glass specimen with 1.5&#xa0;mol% of thulium is a promised composition for use in radiation shielding protection in medical applications and reactors.</p>

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Germanium magnesium tellurium borate glasses doped with thulium ions for enhancing the mechanical and radiation shielding features

  • E. A. Abdel Wahab,
  • Dalal Abdullah Aloraini,
  • Kh. S. Shaaban

摘要

Glasses with a chemical formula of 5TeO2–10GeO2-78B2O3– ( \(\:7-x\) )MgO– \(\:x\) Tm2O3, where \(\:x\) =( \(\:0\le\:x\le\:1.5\) ) mol%, have been prepared by utilizing the melt quenching procedure. The calculated oxygen molar volume ( \(\:{V}_{o}\) ) and packing density of oxygen (OPD) are observed to differ from (7.803 to 7.097 cm3/mol) and from (128.16 to 140.906 atom/cm3) respectively. As the increase of Tm2O3, longitudinal velocity \(\:{V}_{L\:}\) increment from 4525 to 4842 m/s, while transverse velocity \(\:{V}_{T\:}\) raised from 2635 to 2793 m/s. The elastic constant increases with increasing ( \(\:\rho\:\) ) or \(\:{V}_{L\:}\) & \(\:{V}_{T\:}\) . This makes the glasses more compact. The Makishima-Mackenzie mode is effective for the investigated glasses, and it provides a good agreement between experimental calculations and the model’s predictions. The radiation shielding parameters were included in the current investigation like linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), mean free path (MFP), half-value layer (HVL), and fast removal neutron cross-sections (FRNCS). These parameters were enhanced by increasing the concentration of thulium ions in the fabricated glasses. Especially, the glass specimen with 1.5 mol% of thulium is a promised composition for use in radiation shielding protection in medical applications and reactors.