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<p>SnO<sub>2</sub>, Sn<sub>1-x</sub>W<sub>x</sub>O [2, 5, 10 at.%] thin films were synthesised using the ultrasonic spray pyrolysis. Structural analysis revealed that W doping significantly improved crystallinity and modified the morphology of SnO<sub>2</sub> thin films, with 5% W doping resulting in the most uniform grain growth and optimal structural properties. In contrast, excessive doping at 10% induced lattice distortions and particle agglomeration. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis highlighted intensified O–H and H–O–H vibrational modes with increasing W content, indicating enhanced surface hydroxylation, which is crucial for optical and catalytic applications. The optical bandgap widened from 3.63 eV for pristine SnO<sub>2</sub> to 3.84 eV for 2% W-SnO<sub>2</sub> and stabilized around 3.82–3.83 eV for 5% and 10% W-SnO<sub>2</sub>. Thermoelectric studies revealed improved electrical conductivity at 5% W doping due to an increased carrier concentration of 2.49 × 10<sup>18</sup> cm<sup>−3</sup>. Notably, the Seebeck coefficient (│S│) showed partial recovery at 10% doping, suggesting a nuanced balance between carrier density and scattering mechanisms. For photodetection, the 5%-W-doped SnO<sub>2</sub> demonstrated a markedly enhanced Ultraviolet response, with significantly higher peak currents during UV exposure. Photocatalytic experiments showed superior performance for the 5% W-SnO<sub>2</sub> film, achieving 98% methylene blue degradation under Ultraviolet light within 150 min. Furthermore, contact angle measurements revealed a transition from hydrophilicity to hydrophobicity. The water contact angle increased from hydrophilic behaviour in pure SnO<sub>2</sub> to highly hydrophobic surfaces at 10% W doping. This change underscores the tunable surface properties of W-doped SnO<sub>2</sub> thin films. These findings establish them as promising candidates for multifunctional applications in optoelectronics, photocatalysis, and surface engineering.</p>

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Enhanced multifunctionality of SnO2 and W-doped SnO2 thin films synthesized via ultrasonic spray pyrolysis: applications in UV photodetectors, photocatalysis, and tunable surface hydrophilicity

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月4日

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  • Sabrina Roguai,
  • Abdelkader Djelloul

摘要

SnO2, Sn1-xWxO [2, 5, 10 at.%] thin films were synthesised using the ultrasonic spray pyrolysis. Structural analysis revealed that W doping significantly improved crystallinity and modified the morphology of SnO2 thin films, with 5% W doping resulting in the most uniform grain growth and optimal structural properties. In contrast, excessive doping at 10% induced lattice distortions and particle agglomeration. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis highlighted intensified O–H and H–O–H vibrational modes with increasing W content, indicating enhanced surface hydroxylation, which is crucial for optical and catalytic applications. The optical bandgap widened from 3.63 eV for pristine SnO2 to 3.84 eV for 2% W-SnO2 and stabilized around 3.82–3.83 eV for 5% and 10% W-SnO2. Thermoelectric studies revealed improved electrical conductivity at 5% W doping due to an increased carrier concentration of 2.49 × 1018 cm−3. Notably, the Seebeck coefficient (│S│) showed partial recovery at 10% doping, suggesting a nuanced balance between carrier density and scattering mechanisms. For photodetection, the 5%-W-doped SnO2 demonstrated a markedly enhanced Ultraviolet response, with significantly higher peak currents during UV exposure. Photocatalytic experiments showed superior performance for the 5% W-SnO2 film, achieving 98% methylene blue degradation under Ultraviolet light within 150 min. Furthermore, contact angle measurements revealed a transition from hydrophilicity to hydrophobicity. The water contact angle increased from hydrophilic behaviour in pure SnO2 to highly hydrophobic surfaces at 10% W doping. This change underscores the tunable surface properties of W-doped SnO2 thin films. These findings establish them as promising candidates for multifunctional applications in optoelectronics, photocatalysis, and surface engineering.